• DAY1SVR: Day 1 Convective Outlook

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 06, 2025 01:01:12
    ACUS01 KWNS 060101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 060059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Thu Jun 05 2025

    Valid 060100Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms will continue across the southern and
    central Plains tonight. Several tornadoes (some possibly strong),
    large to very large hail, and severe gusts are possible. Isolated
    severe gusts are also possible the next few hours over parts of the
    Northeast.

    ...01z Update...

    Early-evening satellite imagery suggests a weak short-wave trough is
    cresting an elongated southern-U.S. ridge over the High Plains. This
    feature is currently located over eastern CO/northeast NM and will
    approach the MO Ozark region by the end of the period. Partly in
    response to this feature, LLJ should increase ahead of the short
    wave over the next few hours across western OK into extreme southern
    KS. As a result, a corridor of increasing low-level warm advection
    is expected to focus along the KS/OK border and this should
    encourage significant convective development by mid evening. 00z
    sounding from AMA exhibited around 3000 J/kg SBCAPE with around 50kt
    0-6km shear and minimal CINH. This air mass will be drawn into the aforementioned warm-advection corridor and readily convect as the
    LLJ increases.

    Farther southwest, a cluster of supercells persists across the TX
    South Plains along the periphery of early-day rain-cooled boundary
    layer. LLJ is expected to aid this activity as it propagates
    east-southeast across northwest TX.

    Very large hail, along with a continued risk for tornadoes persists
    with this activity. If supercell mergers evolve into an MCS then
    damaging winds may become more common later this evening.

    ...Northeast...

    A small cluster of strong/severe thunderstorms continues across
    northeast PA into southern NY ahead of a weak short-wave trough.
    Latest radar data suggests a weak MCV may be evident over Tioga
    County PA, and this may encourage convection immediately downstream
    into Delaware County NY over the next few hours.

    ..Darrow.. 06/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 06, 2025 05:46:11
    ACUS01 KWNS 060544
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 060543

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1243 AM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDING ACROSS
    THE TENNESSEE AND OHIO VALLEYS AND SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and a tornado threat is anticipated. Isolated severe thunderstorms
    are also possible extending into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys, and
    over parts of southern New England. Damaging winds are the primary
    concern in these areas.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...

    Large-scale pattern will be slow to change through the day1 period
    and severe thunderstorms are once again expected to develop across
    the High Plains from eastern CO into the TX South Plains.

    An elongated zone of upper ridging will continue to dominate the
    southern U.S. from the Gulf States across southern TX into northeast
    Mexico. While, negligible height changes are anticipated along the
    northern periphery of this anticyclone, 40+kt west-southwesterly
    500mb flow will extend as far south as 34N across NM into the TX
    South Plains. Additionally, latest model guidance suggests
    convective temperatures will once again be breached along the
    western edge of a moist boundary layer that is entrenched across
    this region. The primary concern will be the influence of early-day
    convection and the prospect for rain-cooled boundary layer to shunt
    an outflow beyond current expectations. At this time it appears a
    pronounced boundary should extend across the TX South Plains into
    eastern NM. Supercells are expected to evolve along this wind shift
    then spread east, somewhat similar to the evolution Thursday
    afternoon/evening. Strong buoyancy and shear favor very large hail,
    and tornadoes are also a concern.

    Farther north, water-vapor imagery depicts a short-wave trough
    digging southeast across the northern inter mountain region. This
    feature will approach western CO by 07/00z and should advance into
    western KS by the end of the period. Scattered supercells are
    expected to develop within upslope flow across eastern CO ahead of
    this feature, then spread southeast during the evening. Large hail
    and tornadoes are possible early in the convective cycle, then a
    larger complex of storms may materialize along the KS/OK border as a
    LLJ focuses into this region late. If so, damaging wind threat
    should increase overnight.

    ...TN/OH Valleys...

    Early this morning a slow-moving cluster of storms was maturing
    along the KS/OK border. This activity should gradually spread
    east-southeast and will likely extend from southwest MO into eastern
    OK at the start of the period. While the MCS may weaken during the
    morning, renewed development along the leading edge of this activity
    is possibly by early afternoon. Damaging winds are the main concern.


    ...Southern New England...

    Seasonally high PW plume extends across the OH Valley into southern
    New England early this morning. Modest air mass destabilization is
    expected by mid day with an axis of 1000-2000 J/kg SBCAPE expected
    to extend across southern New England by 18z. While deep layer shear
    is not forecast to be that strong, adequate flow should exist for at
    least some organization. Locally damaging winds are the primary
    concern with storms that form along this instability axis.

    ..Darrow/Squitieri.. 06/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 06, 2025 12:16:22
    ACUS01 KWNS 061216
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061214

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0714 AM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 061300Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING OVER PARTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE MID MS AND TN VALLEYS...AND OVER SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and a tornado threat is anticipated. Isolated severe thunderstorms
    are also possible extending into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys, and
    over parts of southern New England. Damaging winds are the primary
    concern in these areas.

    ...Mid MS and TN Valleys...
    Morning radar loop shows a mature quasi-linear MCS over eastern OK
    tracking into western AR. This system has produced sporadic severe
    wind reports overnight, and may continue to pose that risk for a few
    more hours. Some weakening is expected through late morning, with
    eventual rejuvenation of storms as they spread across parts of KY/TN
    and vicinity. Model guidance varies on extent of severe storm
    coverage. However, favorable westerly flow aloft, dewpoints in the
    70s, and pockets of strong daytime heating will encourage intense
    thunderstorm re-development.

    ...High Plains...
    The forecast scenario for today is similar to yesterday, with two
    areas of focus for severe thunderstorm activity. One is along the
    CO foothills, where moist/southeasterly low-level winds and
    moderately steep mid-level lapse rates will yield afternoon MLCAPE
    of 1000-2000 J/kg. Storms are expected to intensify by mid-late
    afternoon along the foothills and spread southeastward into the
    adjacent plains. Forecast soundings show generally straight-line
    hodographs, which will promote splitting supercells capable of very
    large hail and a few tornadoes. Activity may organize upscale
    during the evening over southwest KS and spread across OK overnight.


    Farther south, yesterday's and last night's convection has
    reinforced a surface outflow boundary which will extend across west
    TX. Similar to yesterday, intense supercells are expected to form
    in vicinity of this boundary during the late afternoon, posing
    another risk of very large hail and a few tornadoes.

    ..Southern New England...
    A plume of seasonally high PW values extends across the OH Valley
    into southern New England. Modest air mass destabilization is
    expected by mid day with an axis of 1000-2000 J/kg SBCAPE expected
    to extend across southern New England by 18z. While deep layer shear
    is not forecast to be that strong, adequate flow should exist for at
    least some organization. Locally damaging winds are the primary
    concern with storms that form along this instability axis.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 06, 2025 16:29:50
    ACUS01 KWNS 061629
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 061630Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING OVER PARTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE MID MS AND TN VALLEYS AND OVER SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and a tornado threat is anticipated. Scattered severe thunderstorms
    and possibly a couple of tornadoes are also possible across parts of
    the mid Mississippi Valley and into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys.

    ...Mid MS and TN Valleys...
    Late morning radar mosaic shows a decaying MCS over southern MO and
    AR. An MCV will move eastward this afternoon and diurnal
    destabilization of a very moist airmass near the MS/OH River
    confluence and Mid South will promote scattered storm development by
    early to mid afternoon. Enlarged hodographs imply a supercell
    tornado risk may develop from southeast MO eastward into KY/TN this
    afternoon and early evening. Farther south, widely scattered to
    scattered thunderstorms are forecast as convective inhibition erodes
    by early to mid afternoon to the east of the residual gust front.
    Forecast soundings show PW near 2 inches and 2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE
    from AR into the northern half of MS/AL/GA. The southern fringe of
    stronger westerlies will promote multicell organization with the
    stronger storms and a hail/wind risk with some of these storms
    through the early evening.

    ...High Plains...
    Little change was made to the prior forecast. Two primary corridors
    for severe activity are apparent in model guidance---1) CO I-25
    corridor and areas southeastward into portions of southwest KS/OK
    Panhandle and eventually the OK vicinity late tonight, and 2) in the
    vicinity of trailing outflow that will modify over portions of
    northwest/west TX and eastern NM. In eastern CO, moist upslope flow
    will contribute to upper 40s to lower 50s dewpoints near the
    foothills beneath a belt of strong westerly mid to high-level flow.
    Steep lapse rates and elongated hodographs will favor supercells
    with a risk for a couple of tornadoes, large to very large hail, and
    eventually a transition to a cluster becoming predominately a wind
    threat late.

    Farther south, intense supercells are expected to form in vicinity
    of this boundary during the late afternoon, posing another risk of
    very large hail and a few tornadoes. Some signal in model guidance
    shows a cluster of storms persisting into the late evening as storms
    move east of the Caprock and into northwest TX before gradually
    diminishing late.

    ..Southern New England...
    Heating of a seasonably moist boundary layer is underway from the
    Hudson Valley eastward to the coast. Scattered storms are forecast
    to develop this afternoon with strong to severe multicells possible.
    A damaging wind/localize hail risk may accompany the stronger
    storms. For short-term details, reference MCD #1145.

    ..Smith/Thornton.. 06/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 06, 2025 20:01:19
    ACUS01 KWNS 062001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 062000Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING OVER PARTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE MID MS AND TN VALLEYS AND OVER SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and a tornado threat is anticipated. Scattered severe thunderstorms
    and possibly a couple of tornadoes are also possible across parts of
    the mid Mississippi Valley and into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys.

    ...20z Update...
    Few changes needed with this update cycle as forecast remains on
    track per latest observational/short-term guidance. Made some upward
    risk adjustments southward across parts of the Oklahoma/Texas
    Panhandles favoring the current instability gradient and expected
    storm development across this corridor into this evening.

    ..Guyer.. 06/06/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025/

    ...Mid MS and TN Valleys...
    Late morning radar mosaic shows a decaying MCS over southern MO and
    AR. An MCV will move eastward this afternoon and diurnal
    destabilization of a very moist airmass near the MS/OH River
    confluence and Mid South will promote scattered storm development by
    early to mid afternoon. Enlarged hodographs imply a supercell
    tornado risk may develop from southeast MO eastward into KY/TN this
    afternoon and early evening. Farther south, widely scattered to
    scattered thunderstorms are forecast as convective inhibition erodes
    by early to mid afternoon to the east of the residual gust front.
    Forecast soundings show PW near 2 inches and 2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE
    from AR into the northern half of MS/AL/GA. The southern fringe of
    stronger westerlies will promote multicell organization with the
    stronger storms and a hail/wind risk with some of these storms
    through the early evening.

    ...High Plains...
    Little change was made to the prior forecast. Two primary corridors
    for severe activity are apparent in model guidance---1) CO I-25
    corridor and areas southeastward into portions of southwest KS/OK
    Panhandle and eventually the OK vicinity late tonight, and 2) in the
    vicinity of trailing outflow that will modify over portions of
    northwest/west TX and eastern NM. In eastern CO, moist upslope flow
    will contribute to upper 40s to lower 50s dewpoints near the
    foothills beneath a belt of strong westerly mid to high-level flow.
    Steep lapse rates and elongated hodographs will favor supercells
    with a risk for a couple of tornadoes, large to very large hail, and
    eventually a transition to a cluster becoming predominately a wind
    threat late.

    Farther south, intense supercells are expected to form in vicinity
    of this boundary during the late afternoon, posing another risk of
    very large hail and a few tornadoes. Some signal in model guidance
    shows a cluster of storms persisting into the late evening as storms
    move east of the Caprock and into northwest TX before gradually
    diminishing late.

    ..Southern New England...
    Heating of a seasonably moist boundary layer is underway from the
    Hudson Valley eastward to the coast. Scattered storms are forecast
    to develop this afternoon with strong to severe multicells possible.
    A damaging wind/localize hail risk may accompany the stronger
    storms. For short-term details, reference MCD #1145.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 07, 2025 01:03:57
    ACUS01 KWNS 070102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 070101

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0801 PM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 070100Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    THROUGH TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO...THE NORTHERN
    TEXAS PANHANDLE...SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS...NORTHWESTERN INTO CENTRAL
    OKLAHOMA AND PARTS OF THE TEXAS SOUTH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few supercells and one or two organizing clusters of thunderstorms
    are expected to impact a corridor extending from southeastern
    Colorado into central Oklahoma this evening into the overnight
    hours, posing a risk for large hail and strong, potentially damaging
    wind gusts. A cluster of supercells may also continue to impact
    parts of the Texas South Plains through mid to late evening.

    ...01Z Update...
    Within weak surface troughing to the lee of the southern Rockies, a
    seasonably moist and heated boundary-layer has become characterized
    by moderate to large CAPE, in the presence of modestly steep lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates. Beneath seasonably strong west-southwesterly mid/upper flow to the north of flat/low-amplitude subtropical ridging, this has contributed to an environment
    supportive of scattered supercell development, which remains ongoing
    as of 01Z.

    A clustering of supercells currently centered near/east of Lubbock
    appears aided by forcing for ascent associated with a short wave
    perturbation of subtropical eastern Pacific origins, which is
    forecast to progress into and through the Red River Valley
    overnight. Near the southern fringe of the stronger westerlies,
    westerly deep-layer ambient mean flow appears on the order of 20-25
    kt, supporting rather modest storm motions. Although modest
    strengthening of a nocturnal southerly low-level jet could
    potentially maintain and enhance convective development, aided by
    forcing for ascent associated with low-level level warm advection,
    this will have to overcome increasing inhibition associated with
    slow boundary layer cooling beneath warm air in lower/mid-levels.
    So, the extent to which convection may persist and perhaps grow
    upscale and pose a continuing severe risk into the Red River Valley
    overnight remains unclear.

    There remains a more notable signal within model output that forcing
    for ascent, associated with mid-level troughing digging across and
    southeast of the Front Range, will contribute to a substantive
    increase in thunderstorm development, within a corridor extending
    from southeastern Colorado across and east south of central Oklahoma
    by late tonight. This is forecast to become focused within
    low-level warm advection on the northern periphery of warmer air
    around 700 mb (roughly depicting the northern edge of the stronger
    capping elevated mixed-layer air). It appears that this development
    may be preceded by a couple of long-lived southeastward propagating
    supercells, which are already ongoing and may be sustained by
    continuing low-level updraft inflow of moist boundary-layer air
    characterized by CAPE up to 3000 J/kg.

    This instability extends along/south of a remnant low-level
    baroclinic zone across the Texas Panhandle through central Oklahoma.
    As the upscale growing convection acquires increasing inflow of
    this air mass, it may undergo increasing organization and potential
    to produce swaths of potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 06/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 07, 2025 05:48:24
    ACUS01 KWNS 070548
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 070547

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY INTO
    TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA...CENTRAL
    ARKANSAS...SOUTHERN TENNESSEE...NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI...NORTHERN ALABAMA...NORTHERN GEORGIA...AND AN ADJACENT PORTION OF WESTERN
    NORTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or more organized clusters of thunderstorms may evolve and
    overspread a corridor from the southeastern Great Plains through
    parts of the Tennessee Valley and northern Gulf Coast states today
    into tonight, potentially producing swaths of damaging wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that the westerlies emanating from the northern
    mid-latitude Pacific will amplify inland of the British Columbia and
    Pacific Northwest coast during this period. This is likely to
    include building mid-level ridging pivoting from a negative to
    positive tilt while shifting inland across the Canadian Rockies,
    ahead of inland progressing upstream troughing. Downstream, a
    notable mid-level trough is forecast to dig southeast of the
    Canadian Prairies toward the northern Great Plains and Upper Midwest
    vicinity, accompanied by a developing cyclone and a couple of
    reinforcing cool surges, as far southeast as the Upper Midwest
    through central Great Plains by 12Z Sunday.

    As this occurs, models indicate that more modest mid-level
    troughing, now digging to the southeast of the Front Range, will
    accelerate eastward through the middle Mississippi and Ohio Valleys
    today through tonight. It appears that this will contribute to
    amplifying cyclonic flow as far south as the Gulf Coast states,
    where subtropical ridging will become suppressed. In lower-levels,
    a diffuse frontal zone extending from the southern Mid Atlantic into
    south central Great Plains will tend to shift southward as well,
    probably becoming reinforced or preceded by increasingly extensive
    convective outflow.

    ...Southeastern Great Plains into Southeast...
    Forcing for ascent downstream of the mid-level troughing digging to
    the lee of the Front Range is contributing to increasing vigorous
    thunderstorm development along the frontal zone across the south
    central Great Plains. It appears that low-level updraft inflow of
    seasonably moist air characterized by moderate to large CAPE, in the
    presence of modestly steep lapse rates, will maintain activity
    eastward across northern/central Oklahoma through daybreak. In the
    presence of strong deep-layer shear, beneath a prominent westerly
    mid/upper jet, further organization and consolidation appears
    probable, accompanied by increasing strong to severe surface gusts.

    It seems probable that this will continue beyond daybreak across
    central Arkansas, where/when daytime heating of a seasonably moist boundary-layer ahead of the convection may contribute to its
    maintenance and perhaps re-intensification. Based on latest model
    output, it remains unclear whether the coupling of forcing for
    ascent and destabilization will maintain activity as far east as
    areas near/south of the southern Appalachians, or whether initial
    activity will eventually weaken, with renewed development eventually
    occurring upstream along its trailing outflow, aided by low-level
    warm advection. Regardless, there appears potential for one or more
    organizing clusters to produce swaths of strong to severe surface
    gusts.

    ...Southern Great Plains...
    Moderate to strong potential instability is likely to again develop
    with daytime heating along a remnant baroclinic zone to the lee of
    the southern Rockies into Red River vicinity, and an evolving
    dryline to its south, across west Texas. It is possible severe
    probabilities may need to be increased, once uncertainties due to
    mid-level inhibition and lack of more prominent forcing for ascent
    clear.

    ...Northern Great Plains...
    It still appears that destabilization ahead of the southeastward
    advancing cold front will remain rather modest, but forcing for
    ascent and shear ahead of the vigorous digging mid-level trough may
    contribute to a couple of strong storms potentially capable of
    producing marginally severe hail and wind.

    ..Kerr/Squitieri.. 06/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 07, 2025 12:06:25
    ACUS01 KWNS 071206
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071204

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0704 AM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 071300Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY INTO
    TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA...CENTRAL
    ARKANSAS...SOUTHERN TENNESSEE...NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI...NORTHERN ALABAMA...NORTHERN GEORGIA...AND AN ADJACENT PORTION OF WESTERN
    NORTH CAROLINA......

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or more organized clusters of thunderstorms are expected across
    a corridor from the southeastern Great Plains through parts of the
    Tennessee Valley and northern Gulf Coast states today into tonight,
    potentially producing swaths of damaging wind gusts.

    ...AR across TN Valley...
    Latest radar loops show a persistent line of strong/severe
    thunderstorms over northwest AR and eastern OK. These storms are
    associated with a mid-level speed max emanating from KS, and have
    become well-organized overnight. It appears likely that these
    storms will maintain their linear organization through the afternoon
    and spread eastward across the TN Valley and central Gulf coast
    states, posing a risk of damaging winds and perhaps a tornado or
    two.

    Surrounding the ENH risk, strong CAPE and sufficient westerly flow
    aloft will lead to widely scattered thunderstorm development with
    some low threat of damaging wind gusts this afternoon and evening.

    ...Southeast OK/north TX this afternoon...
    In the wake of the morning linear MCS, an outflow boundary is
    expected to stretch across southern OK and north TX. Cam guidance
    is not particularly bullish on re-development of afternoon
    thunderstorms along this boundary, but sufficient winds aloft and
    ample CAPE will result in a conditional risk of hail and damaging
    wind in any storms that can form.

    ...West TX...
    Most CAM solutions show the development of widely scattered
    thunderstorms this evening. Current guidance suggests any storms
    that form will be sufficiently sparse that low severe probabilities
    will suffice. However, an upgrade to SLGT could be required if 12z
    guidance begins to indicate a greater confidence in storm coverage.

    ...MO...
    A cluster of afternoon thunderstorms is expected to form over
    northwest MO and track eastward across the state. These storms are
    expected to be near the axis on an approaching mid-level trough.
    Despite rather weak CAPE, winds aloft and lapse rates appear
    sufficiently favorable for some risk of a few strong storms capable
    of hail and gusty winds.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 07, 2025 16:33:52
    ACUS01 KWNS 071632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 071630Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS
    AFTERNOON/EVENING FROM NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI TO NORTH GEORGIA...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An organized/bowing line of storms will move across northern Mississippi/Alabama/Georgia through this evening with the potential
    for corridors of wind damage. Other areas of severe storms will be
    possible in the wake of this morning's storms from Mississippi
    westward to north Texas, and across parts of west Texas and the
    southern High Plains.

    ...Mid-South into the Southeast through tonight...
    Ahead of a midlevel shortwave trough over the lower MO Valley, an
    MCS and associated MCV are moving eastward across the Mid-South.
    Per modified 12z soundings, as surface temperatures warm into the
    80s, MLCAPE will exceed 2000 J/kg in an environment with sufficient
    downdraft potential and low-midlevel vertical shear to maintain a
    wind-damage threat through the afternoon from northern MS/adjacent
    TN across AL to GA. Please see MD 1175 for additional short-term
    details. Otherwise, the MCS is expected to weaken late this
    evening/early tonight while moving into SC.

    In the wake of the morning convection, some additional storm
    development will be possible along the trailing outflow/effective
    front from north TX across southern AR into MS/AL. The specific
    corridor will depend on the southern extent of the outflow
    progression with today's MCS, but some hail/wind threat will be
    possible later this afternoon into tonight.

    ...Northeast NM into the northern TX Panhandle this evening...
    Low-level flow will become upslope this afternoon, when surface
    heating and low-level moisture could be sufficient for isolated
    thunderstorm development near the Raton Mesa in far northeast NM.
    There is the potential for a sustained supercell to emerge from
    initially high-based convection, and then move southeastward into
    the northwest TX Panhandle this evening. Moderate buoyancy (MLCAPE
    of 1000-1500 J/kg), relatively straight hodographs with effective
    bulk shear near or above 40 kt and midlevel lapse rates of 7-8 C/km
    will support the primary threats of large hail and strong-severe
    outflow gusts for a few hours this evening.

    ...Permian Basin this afternoon/evening...
    The 12z MAF sounding revealed a warm elevated mixed layer and a
    strong cap. Surface heating/mixing along and south of an outflow
    boundary could be sufficient to support isolated thunderstorm
    development later this afternoon/evening, though confidence is low.
    If storms form, the environment will support splitting supercells
    capable of producing isolated large hail and damaging outflow gusts
    for a few hours this evening. This area will be re-evaluated for a
    possible upgrade at 20z.

    ...Mid MS/lower OH Valleys this afternoon/evening...
    As the midlevel shortwave trough progresses east-southeastward from
    northwest MO vicinity as of mid morning, there will be the potential
    for a short arc of thunderstorms near and immediately southeast of
    the midlevel vorticity center. Boundary-layer dewpoints remain in
    the 60s ahead of this feature, and there will be some increase in
    vertical shear as the midlevel trough approaches. However, fairly
    widespread clouds, poor midlevel lapse rates and the influence of
    the MCS farther south all suggest that the severe threat is best
    characterized as marginal.

    ...Northern Plains this afternoon/evening...
    A cold front will surge southeastward across ND this afternoon, in
    association with a digging shortwave trough now over southern SK.
    Pre-frontal low-level moisture and buoyancy will likely remain
    rather limited this afternoon, but a band of convection is expected
    along the front this afternoon. Gusty outflow winds and some hail
    may occur with the strongest storms for a few hours this
    afternoon/evening.

    ..Thompson/Supinie.. 06/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 07, 2025 20:01:00
    ACUS01 KWNS 072000
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 072000Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEASTERN US...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An organized/bowing line of storms will move across parts of the
    Southeast and southern Appalachians this evening with the potential
    for corridors of wind damage and a tornado or two. Other areas of
    severe storms will be possible in the wake of this morning's storms
    from Mississippi westward to Texas, and across parts of the southern
    High Plains and Ozarks.

    ...20z Update Southeast and Tennessee Valley...
    The ongoing MCS across the Southeast has steadily matured this
    afternoon with numerous reports of wind damage across Alabama and
    Mississippi. These storms will likely continue to pose a risk for
    damaging gusts and an isolated tornado as they move eastward into
    the southern Appalachians this evening/tonight. The primary change
    with the outlook was to trim the Enhanced and Slight Risks behind
    the cold pool. Continued heating and air mass recovery immediately
    behind these storms may support some redevelopment along the western
    edge of the trailing outflow from the ArkLaTex to Mississippi
    tonight. Recent HRRR guidance suggests a few clusters of severe
    storms may redevelop and spread eastward tonight with a risk for
    occasional hail and damaging gusts.

    ...West-Central Texas, the Panhandle to Red River vicinity...
    In the wake of morning convection now over the Southeast, robust
    surface heating/mixing along and south of the remnant outflow and
    synoptic front could be sufficient to support isolated thunderstorm
    development this evening. Additional isolated storms are possible
    near the dryline/outflow intersection across central Texas and the
    southeastern Texas Panhandle. While confidence in storm development
    is not overly high, owing to modest forcing for ascent and residual
    capping, moderate to large buoyancy and deep-layer shear could
    support splitting supercells capable of large to very large hail and
    damaging outflow gusts this evening. Will maintain the level 2
    Slight Risk and expand it westward for potential storm development/intensification across west-central and western North
    Texas this evening.

    Otherwise, the prior outlook remains unchanged. Isolated severe
    storms are possible across parts of the Ozarks ahead of a remnant
    MCV. Damaging gusts are the most probable hazard. Additional
    isolated storms are possible over the northern Plains ahead of the
    cold front. See the prior discussion for more information.

    ..Lyons.. 06/07/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025/

    ...Mid-South into the Southeast through tonight...
    Ahead of a midlevel shortwave trough over the lower MO Valley, an
    MCS and associated MCV are moving eastward across the Mid-South.
    Per modified 12z soundings, as surface temperatures warm into the
    80s, MLCAPE will exceed 2000 J/kg in an environment with sufficient
    downdraft potential and low-midlevel vertical shear to maintain a
    wind-damage threat through the afternoon from northern MS/adjacent
    TN across AL to GA. Please see MD 1175 for additional short-term
    details. Otherwise, the MCS is expected to weaken late this
    evening/early tonight while moving into SC.

    In the wake of the morning convection, some additional storm
    development will be possible along the trailing outflow/effective
    front from north TX across southern AR into MS/AL. The specific
    corridor will depend on the southern extent of the outflow
    progression with today's MCS, but some hail/wind threat will be
    possible later this afternoon into tonight.

    ...Northeast NM into the northern TX Panhandle this evening...
    Low-level flow will become upslope this afternoon, when surface
    heating and low-level moisture could be sufficient for isolated
    thunderstorm development near the Raton Mesa in far northeast NM.
    There is the potential for a sustained supercell to emerge from
    initially high-based convection, and then move southeastward into
    the northwest TX Panhandle this evening. Moderate buoyancy (MLCAPE
    of 1000-1500 J/kg), relatively straight hodographs with effective
    bulk shear near or above 40 kt and midlevel lapse rates of 7-8 C/km
    will support the primary threats of large hail and strong-severe
    outflow gusts for a few hours this evening.

    ...Permian Basin this afternoon/evening...
    The 12z MAF sounding revealed a warm elevated mixed layer and a
    strong cap. Surface heating/mixing along and south of an outflow
    boundary could be sufficient to support isolated thunderstorm
    development later this afternoon/evening, though confidence is low.
    If storms form, the environment will support splitting supercells
    capable of producing isolated large hail and damaging outflow gusts
    for a few hours this evening. This area will be re-evaluated for a
    possible upgrade at 20z.

    ...Mid MS/lower OH Valleys this afternoon/evening...
    As the midlevel shortwave trough progresses east-southeastward from
    northwest MO vicinity as of mid morning, there will be the potential
    for a short arc of thunderstorms near and immediately southeast of
    the midlevel vorticity center. Boundary-layer dewpoints remain in
    the 60s ahead of this feature, and there will be some increase in
    vertical shear as the midlevel trough approaches. However, fairly
    widespread clouds, poor midlevel lapse rates and the influence of
    the MCS farther south all suggest that the severe threat is best
    characterized as marginal.

    ...Northern Plains this afternoon/evening...
    A cold front will surge southeastward across ND this afternoon, in
    association with a digging shortwave trough now over southern SK.
    Pre-frontal low-level moisture and buoyancy will likely remain
    rather limited this afternoon, but a band of convection is expected
    along the front this afternoon. Gusty outflow winds and some hail
    may occur with the strongest storms for a few hours this
    afternoon/evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 08, 2025 01:03:36
    ACUS01 KWNS 080102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 080100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 080100Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE SOUTHEAST AND THE CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A line of storms will progress across the Carolinas with a continued
    damaging gust threat. Thunderstorms, accompanied by an occasional
    wind/hail threat will also persist for a few hours this evening
    across the Southeast. A brief tornado remains possible with storms
    across portions of the Ohio Valley. Finally, strong storms may
    produce severe wind/hail along the southern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad cyclonic mid-level flow is overspreading the central and
    eastern CONUS, with a pronounced mid-level trough currently
    traversing the Upper MS Valley. A belt of stronger mid-level flow
    and corresponding deeper-layer shear is overspreading the southern
    Plains to the southeastern Atlantic Coastline, where moderate to
    strong buoyancy remains in place. Despite overall weak synoptic
    forcing for ascent, multiple areas of scattered thunderstorms,
    driven by mesoscale forcing mechanisms, persist amid the
    aforementioned favorable buoyancy/shear to support a continued
    threat for severe convective hazards.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Multiple supercell structures are in progress along the TX/NM
    border, and these storms will continue southeast along a diffuse
    baroclinic boundary with a continued severe wind/hail threat. This
    boundary extends from the central TX Panhandle into central OK. It
    is unclear if additional storms will form east along the boundary,
    and further south along the dryline into west-central TX given
    overall weak forcing. However, south of the boundary and east of the
    dryline, 50+ kts of effective bulk shear and 3000+ J/kg MLCAPE are
    in place, and modestly agitated CU prevail along the aforementioned
    boundaries. As such, Slight Risk probabilities were kept in place
    despite concerns for storm initiation and coverage given the
    conditional risk for severe wind/hail with any storms that manage to
    form.

    ...Southeast States...
    In the wake of an earlier MCS, ample diurnal heating has allowed for modification of the boundary layer, with surface temperatures able
    to reach 90 F amid low to mid 70s F dewpoints, yielding 2000-3000
    MLCAPE amid weak MLCINH. Several strong thunderstorms have developed
    over southern AR and are poised to drift into MS and perhaps western
    AL into the early overnight hours. Given 40-50 kts of effective bulk
    shear overspreading this environment, severe gusts and hail are the
    primary concerns.

    ...Carolinas...
    A long-lived cold-pool-driven MCS continues to advance across SC,
    with a history of prolific damaging gust production (including
    measured severe gusts). This MCS is propagating eastward at roughly
    40-50 kts, suggesting that the cold pool is still potentially
    deep/strong, with internal-forcing mechanisms such as a rear-inflow
    jet present. When also considering the mid to upper 80s F surface
    temperatures preceding the MCS, along with 1500-2500 J/kg MLCAPE,
    ample buoyancy remains for continued damaging/severe gust production
    for at least a few more hours this evening, perhaps to the Atlantic
    Coastline.

    ...Portions of the OH Valley...
    A few small supercell structures, with a recent history of at least
    one tornado, persist ahead of a broadening MCV in eastern MO. Given
    ample buoyancy ahead of these storms across the OH Valley region,
    including 150+ J/kg 0-3 km CAPE, 50+ kts of effective bulk shear,
    and at least modest amounts of vertical-oriented low-level
    vorticity, these supercell structures may persist with a sparse wind gust/tornado threat for at least a few more hours.

    ..Squitieri.. 06/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 08, 2025 06:02:36
    ACUS01 KWNS 080602
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 080600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA INTO NORTHERN TEXAS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SEPARATELY ALONG
    THE EAST COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is possible across the southern Plains
    today. A few tornadoes, destructive wind gusts of 80-100 mph, and
    giant hail up to 5 inches in diameter are likely. Strong gusts, and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes, are also possible along portions of
    the East Coast.

    ...Synopsis...

    ***A severe weather outbreak is possible across the southern Plains
    today***

    A broad mid-level trough will deepen across the Great Lakes into the
    OH Valley, with multiple embedded mid-level impulses poised to pivot
    around the upper trough across the southern Plains to the Southeast
    and Atlantic Seaboard today. A broad northwesterly upper-flow regime
    will become established across the Plains States into the MS Valley,
    with modest mid-level flow contributing to strong deep-layer shear.
    Beneath this stronger flow/shear and cold temperatures aloft will be
    rich low-level moisture, which will support extreme instability,
    especially in the southern Plains. Here, a volatile setup for severe
    weather will exist. All severe hazards are expected, with
    destructive wind gusts and giant hail likely. The severe threat
    should persist to some degree into the Lower MS Valley after dark. A
    severe risk will also accompany storms along parts of the East
    Coast, as passing mid-level impulses provide enough lift and shear
    atop a moist, unstable airmass.

    ...Southern Plains into the Lower MS Valley...
    A diffuse baroclinic zone will be positioned across the TX
    Panhandle, southeast into central or southern OK at the start of the
    period. It is unclear how prolific convection will be during the
    morning to early afternoon. Latest high-resolution model guidance
    consensus suggests that these storms should not be overly intense,
    nor should their impact on the free warm sector be overly
    detrimental. Assuming this is the case, strong daytime heating, amid
    some high level cirrus clouds, should support surface temperatures
    reaching 90 F amid mid 70s F dewpoints. Given robust boundary layer
    heating of this moisture beneath 8-9 C/km mid-level lapse rates,
    widespread extreme buoyancy should develop by afternoon. Forecast
    soundings show deep, wide CAPE profiles, with over 5000 J/kg MLCAPE
    possible (perhaps locally higher in spots). At the same time, modest
    veering with height in the lowest few hundred mb, and northwesterly
    flow in the 500-200 mb increasing to 50-70 kts, will promote 50+ kts
    of effective bulk shear (elongated hodographs with small low-level
    curvature).

    A quasi-stationary cold front will be draped somewhere along the
    KS/OK border into MO, with a dryline positioned in far western TX
    during the afternoon. With maximum daytime heating and minimal
    MLCINH, robust convective initiation is expected along these
    boundaries around mid-afternoon. Given the extreme buoyancy/shear
    parameter space, the more isolated, discrete storms should quickly
    become intense supercells capable of a few tornadoes, severe gusts
    (perhaps exceeding 75 mph), and large hail. 2+ inch diameter hail
    should become commonplace if multiple supercells can sustain
    themselves, with giant hail (perhaps over 5 inches in diameter)
    possible. Though much more conditional, an intense tornado could
    develop somewhere in the eastern TX Panhandle if a longer-lived, inflow-dominant supercell manages to materialize and optimally
    ingest the extreme buoyancy while also traversing the diffuse
    baroclinic boundary. However, confidence in this scenario is too low
    for the introduction of higher tornado probabilities at this time.

    At some point during the afternoon early evening, supercell cold
    pool mergers should support the development of either one intense
    MCS (perhaps in the form of a bow echo), or multiple small but
    intense bowing segments. Should a bow echo form, widespread severe
    winds are likely. In either scenario, gust magnitudes may
    potentially reaching 80-100 mph, hence the maintenance of a Category
    4/Moderate Risk. An MCS should progress toward the lower MS Valley
    during the evening into the overnight, with a lingering severe wind
    threat that should gradually subside with time.

    ...Portions of the Mid Atlantic...
    By early afternoon, thunderstorms should increase in both coverage
    and intensity ahead of a weak surface low and associated weak
    mid-level impulse. These storms will move into an airmass
    characterized by mid to upper 70s F temperatures and 70 F dewpoints,
    overspread by modest mid-level lapse rates (resulting in over 1500
    J/kg MLCAPE). Considerable veering with height will support
    elongated hodographs with appreciable low-level curvature, with
    multicells and supercells the expected storm mode. Damaging gusts
    and large hail may accompany the stronger storms. A few tornadoes
    may occur with any supercells that interact with a baroclinic
    boundary across eastern VA.

    ...Portions of the Southeast Atlantic Coastline...
    From mid morning to early afternoon, diurnal heating of a moist,
    weakly capped boundary layer will result in surface temperatures
    reaching 90 F amid 70 F surface dewpoints, with MLCAPE exceeding
    2000 J/kg in spots. Overall deep-layer flow/shear should be modest
    at best, with forecast soundings showing predominantly short
    hodographs. Given the moderate to strong instability in place,
    multicells are the expected mode of convection. While some hail
    cannot be ruled out with the stronger storms (given modest mid-level
    lapse rates), the main threat with these storms should be strong
    wind gusts.

    ..Squitieri/Kerr.. 06/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 08, 2025 16:47:09
    ACUS01 KWNS 081647
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081645

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1145 AM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 081630Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE EASTERN
    TEXAS PANHANDLE INTO SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST/NORTH-CENTRAL
    TEXAS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE MID-ATLANTIC/SOUTHEAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is expected across the southern Plains
    today, including southern Oklahoma and much of northwest and North
    Texas. A few tornadoes, destructive wind gusts of 80-100 mph, and
    giant hail up to 3-5 inches in diameter are likely. Strong wind
    gusts, and perhaps a couple of tornadoes, are also possible across
    portions of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast.

    ...Northwest/North Texas and Oklahoma...
    A very active severe-weather day is expected including a regional
    outbreak of severe storms. The potential exists for very large hail
    and a few tornadoes this afternoon, with widespread damaging
    winds/derecho potentially developing into this evening and
    overnight, especially across much of North Texas and southern
    Oklahoma.

    Broad west-northwesterly flow is present today across the
    central/southern Plains, with a surface cold front sagging southward
    across Kansas. Ahead of the front, a very moist boundary-layer air
    mass is in place across much of Oklahoma/Texas, with dewpoints in
    the upper 60s and lower 70s. Ample daytime heating and near
    dry-adiabatic low/mid-level lapse rates will yield a large reservoir
    of extremely high CAPE values across western Oklahoma and northwest
    Texas. See Mesoscale Discussion 1196 for additional short-term
    details.

    Rapid development of intense thunderstorms will ensue by mid/late
    afternoon along the cold front over western Oklahoma and along a
    complex dryline structure over the eastern Texas Panhandle. Strong
    deep layer shear will support intense supercells, despite rather
    weak low-level winds. Very large hail, damaging winds, and a few
    tornadoes will be possible as these storms track southeastward
    across western/central Oklahoma and toward western North Texas,
    likely congealing into one or more prominent bowing MCSs.

    The risk of widespread destructive winds will increase through the
    evening as the potentially prominent linear convective system organizes/gradually accelerates east-southeastward across southern
    Oklahoma and North Texas. At least some lingering damaging
    wind/embedded tornado potential may reach as far east-southeast as
    the ArkLaTex and ArkLaMiss late tonight.

    ...Mid-Atlantic States...
    A shortwave trough currently over Ohio will track eastward today,
    with large-scale ascent overspreading the Mid-Atlantic states by
    afternoon. A moist surface air mass is present across much of
    VA/MD/NC and vicinity with dewpoints in the upper 60s. Persistent
    clouds and weak mid-level lapse rates will limit destabilization.
    However, it appears likely that storms will develop off the Blue
    Ridge by mid afternoon and spread eastward toward the coast.
    Forecast soundings show sufficient low and deep layer shear for
    supercell structures capable of damaging wind gusts and perhaps a
    few tornadoes.

    ...Southeast...
    Clusters of storms will move across the region with mostly a wind
    damage risk, perhaps most certain and most focused across coastal
    portions of South Carolina into southern North Carolina through
    mid-afternoon.

    ..Guyer/Thornton.. 06/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 08, 2025 19:57:51
    ACUS01 KWNS 081956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081954

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 PM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 082000Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE EASTERN
    TEXAS PANHANDLE INTO SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST/NORTH-CENTRAL
    TEXAS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF SOUTHERN
    ALABAMA AND SOUTHERN GEORGIA...MID-ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is expected across the southern Plains
    today, including southern Oklahoma and much of northwest and North
    Texas. A few tornadoes, destructive wind gusts of 80-100 mph, and
    giant hail up to 3-5 inches in diameter are likely. Strong wind
    gusts, and perhaps a couple of tornadoes, are also possible across
    portions of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast.

    ...20Z Update...
    With convection moving off the South Carolina coast, severe
    probabilities have been reduced as robust redevelopment is not
    expected this afternoon. Severe probabilities were also reduced in
    parts of eastern Kansas, Missouri, and western Illinois based on the
    current position of the cold front. The remainder of the forecast
    remains on track. Widespread severe winds and large to very large
    hail, and a few tornadoes remain possible across parts of the
    southern Plains.

    ..Wendt.. 06/08/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1145 AM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025/

    ...Northwest/North Texas and Oklahoma...
    A very active severe-weather day is expected including a regional
    outbreak of severe storms. The potential exists for very large hail
    and a few tornadoes this afternoon, with widespread damaging
    winds/derecho potentially developing into this evening and
    overnight, especially across much of North Texas and southern
    Oklahoma.

    Broad west-northwesterly flow is present today across the
    central/southern Plains, with a surface cold front sagging southward
    across Kansas. Ahead of the front, a very moist boundary-layer air
    mass is in place across much of Oklahoma/Texas, with dewpoints in
    the upper 60s and lower 70s. Ample daytime heating and near
    dry-adiabatic low/mid-level lapse rates will yield a large reservoir
    of extremely high CAPE values across western Oklahoma and northwest
    Texas. See Mesoscale Discussion 1196 for additional short-term
    details.

    Rapid development of intense thunderstorms will ensue by mid/late
    afternoon along the cold front over western Oklahoma and along a
    complex dryline structure over the eastern Texas Panhandle. Strong
    deep layer shear will support intense supercells, despite rather
    weak low-level winds. Very large hail, damaging winds, and a few
    tornadoes will be possible as these storms track southeastward
    across western/central Oklahoma and toward western North Texas,
    likely congealing into one or more prominent bowing MCSs.

    The risk of widespread destructive winds will increase through the
    evening as the potentially prominent linear convective system organizes/gradually accelerates east-southeastward across southern
    Oklahoma and North Texas. At least some lingering damaging
    wind/embedded tornado potential may reach as far east-southeast as
    the ArkLaTex and ArkLaMiss late tonight.

    ...Mid-Atlantic States...
    A shortwave trough currently over Ohio will track eastward today,
    with large-scale ascent overspreading the Mid-Atlantic states by
    afternoon. A moist surface air mass is present across much of
    VA/MD/NC and vicinity with dewpoints in the upper 60s. Persistent
    clouds and weak mid-level lapse rates will limit destabilization.
    However, it appears likely that storms will develop off the Blue
    Ridge by mid afternoon and spread eastward toward the coast.
    Forecast soundings show sufficient low and deep layer shear for
    supercell structures capable of damaging wind gusts and perhaps a
    few tornadoes.

    ...Southeast...
    Clusters of storms will move across the region with mostly a wind
    damage risk, perhaps most certain and most focused across coastal
    portions of South Carolina into southern North Carolina through
    mid-afternoon.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 09, 2025 00:48:41
    ACUS01 KWNS 090048
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 090046

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0746 PM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 090100Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    INTO THE OVERNIGHT HOURS ACROSS MUCH OF NORTHERN TEXAS AND ADJACENT
    SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    ACROSS PARTS OF THE MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    It still appears that clusters of strong to severe thunderstorm
    development across the Texas Panhandle into Red River Valley
    vicinity will consolidate into a gradually organizing and more
    prominent cluster of storms this evening, accompanied by increasing
    potential for widespread damaging wind gusts across northern Texas
    and adjacent portions of southern Oklahoma overnight.

    ...01Z Update...
    A weak cold front continues to advance southeast of the upper Great
    Lakes region, through the middle Mississippi Valley and south
    central Great Plains, downstream of deep mid-level troughing and an
    embedded cyclone digging across the Canadian/U.S. border through the
    northern Great Plains and upper Mississippi Valley. This is
    preceded by a residual baroclinic zone across the southern Atlantic
    Seaboard into the southern Great Plains, which has been enhanced to
    the lee of the southern Rockies through the southern Great Plains by
    strong differential surface heating beneath warm elevated
    mixed-layer air.

    Both boundaries remain the focus for strong to severe thunderstorm
    development early this evening. However, outside of the southern
    Great Plains, most of this activity is likely to continue to wane
    with the loss of daytime heating.

    In the presence of steeper lapse rates across the southern Great
    Plains, stronger lingering potential instability still appears
    likely to support an increasing risk of severe weather overnight,
    generally focused along the southern/remnant baroclinic zone now
    extending across or south of the southern portions of the Texas
    Panhandle through north Texas. Mixed-layer CAPE still appears on
    the order of 3000-4000 J/kg along this corridor. Although low-level
    wind fields remain generally weak, at least modest strengthening of
    a nocturnal low-level jet may occur to the east of lee surface
    troughing, across the Texas South Plains into the vicinity of the
    frontal zone across western North Texas. Otherwise, a seasonably
    strong west-northwesterly mid/upper jet streak (40-70+ kt in the
    500-300 mb layer) appears to be propagating along the frontal zone, contributing to strong deep-layer shear.

    Convection allowing model output has varied concerning the potential
    convective evolution into and through the overnight hours across
    parts of northern Texas. Model output indicating some of the more
    intense potential evolutions appear to have backed off at least
    some, in intensity. Regardless, there has been a consistent signal
    that ongoing convection across the Texas Panhandle into Red River
    vicinity will gradually consolidate, accompanied by a strengthening
    cold pool and potential for the evolution of a notable MCV with
    intensifying rear inflow. Given the environment, this still appears
    possible, with the development of one or two sustained swaths of
    potentially damaging wind gusts most probable near and south of the
    Red River, across north central into northeastern Texas overnight.

    ..Kerr.. 06/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 09, 2025 05:55:56
    ACUS01 KWNS 090555
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 090554

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 AM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY ACROSS PARTS
    OF THE OHIO AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEYS INTO THE APPALACHIANS AND
    SOUTH ATLANTIC SEABOARD,...AS WELL PARTS OF NORTHEASTERN NEW
    MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears probable
    today, particularly across parts of the Ohio Valley into
    Appalachians, and east of the lower Mississippi Valley into eastern
    Gulf Coast states.

    ...Discussion...
    It appears that mid/upper ridging inland of the Pacific coast
    through the western Canadian Prairies and northern U.S. Rockies is
    beginning to become suppressed by a short wave perturbation. As
    this continues, a seasonably deep downstream trough, currently still
    digging through the northern Great Plains/Upper Midwest vicinity, is
    forecast to pivot east-northeastward across the Great Lakes and Ohio
    Valley, gradually taking on a negative tilt as it does. An
    initially broad, modest associated surface cyclone may deepen some,
    mainly across northern Ontario into the James Bay vicinity, with at
    least a couple of reinforcing surges of cooler air overspreading the
    Great Lakes region, Ohio and Mississippi Valleys.

    Within a belt of more modest cyclonic mid/upper flow in latitudes to
    the east of the southern Rockies, at least one notable meso-beta to
    meso-alpha scale cyclonic circulation appears to be in the process
    of developing near the Ark-La-Tex vicinity. It appears that this
    circulation will tend to migrate east-northeastward across and to
    the east of the lower Mississippi Valley during the day. However,
    the extent to which it is maintained or becomes sheared, as
    larger-scale troughing within the two branches of westerlies tends
    to come in phase, remains unclear based on latest model output.

    Upstream, weak mid-level troughing is forecast to dig inland of the
    southern California coast, through the Southwest, around the
    northeastern periphery of a prominent mid-level high over the
    subtropical eastern Pacific.

    Seasonably moist air appears likely to remain largely confined to a
    remnant frontal zone across the southern tier of the U.S.,
    associated with the modest southern mid- and subtropical westerlies.
    However, a narrow plume of southerly return flow is ongoing ahead of
    the lead reinforcing cold front now advancing southeast of the upper
    Great Lakes and Midwest.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley into south Atlantic Seaboard...
    Potential convective evolution remains unclear, but guidance remains
    suggestive that ongoing convective development propagating across
    northeastern and north central Texas will be in the process of
    weakening while spreading into Louisiana and upper Texas coastal
    areas early in the period. Additional convection is also likely to
    be ongoing downstream of the emerging mesoscale vortex, aided by
    low-level warm advection, as it migrates east of the Mississippi
    Valley.

    The impact of this convection on boundary-layer destabilization
    remains unclear. However, while mid-level lapse rates may be weak,
    with at least some insolation, boundary-layer dew points in excess
    of 70 F across the Gulf Coast region may contribute to sufficient destabilization to support at least scattered intensifying
    thunderstorm development, both upstream and downstream of the
    convective vortex. Some of this activity may pose a risk for,
    mainly, strong surface gusts. A brief tornado also might be
    possible, particularly near the convective vortex as long as it
    remains relatively well-defined. This severe risk may continue into
    the south Atlantic Seaboard tonight, but this remains more unclear.

    ...Ohio Valley into Appalachians...
    Moderate boundary-layer destabilization ahead of the lead cold front
    might provide support for scattered strong to severe thunderstorm
    development, including supercells, in the presence of strong
    deep-layer shear beneath 40-60+ kt southwesterly mid/upper flow.
    Toward mid to late afternoon, it is possible that modestly deepening
    surface troughing across the upper Ohio Valley into the lee of the
    Allegheny front may provide a better defined focus for this threat.

    ...Great Lakes vicinity...
    Convection-allowing model output and associated guidance suggest
    that destabilization and shear may become supportive of convection
    capable of producing severe hail and wind in a narrow corridor ahead
    of a secondary surface cold front (closer to the mid-level cold core overspreading the Great Lakes), as it advances across and
    east-southeast of Lake Michigan this afternoon.

    ...Southern Rockies through northwestern Gulf coast...
    Extensive convective outflow appears likely to be progressing into
    and through the upper Texas coastal plain by the beginning of the
    period, and perhaps gradually stalling across parts of south central
    Texas into the Pecos Valley. The gust front might still be a focus
    for widely scattered strong thunderstorm development early in the
    day, otherwise the extent of the outflow's stabilizing influence
    remains unclear, particularly later in period to the lee of the
    southern Rockies.

    Downstream of the Southwestern mid-level tough, models suggest that destabilizing, moist upslope flow into the Raton Mesa/eastern slopes
    of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains might become supportive of a
    couple of supercells and one or two small upscale growing
    thunderstorm clusters. Beneath modest to weak northwest mid-level
    flow, this activity may pose a risk for severe hail and wind while
    propagating off the higher terrain through this evening. Continuing development into portions of west Texas overnight is more unclear.

    ..Kerr/Squitieri.. 06/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 09, 2025 11:57:43
    ACUS01 KWNS 091157
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091156

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0656 AM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 091300Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    OVER PORTIONS OF THE GULF COAST STATES...SOUTHEAST...TN/OH
    VALLEYS...AND OVER NORTHEAST NM...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears probable
    today, particularly across parts of the Ohio Valley into
    Appalachians, and east of the lower Mississippi Valley into eastern
    Gulf Coast states.

    No changes have been made to the ongoing forecast.

    ...Southeast States...
    An upper low is centered this morning over MN/WI, with broad
    cyclonic flow across much of the eastern US. Several ongoing
    clusters of thunderstorms are ongoing this morning across from east
    TX into GA, with a risk of occasional gusty winds. A few hours of
    sunshine may be sufficient for intensification of one or more of
    these clusters, with damaging wind being the main concern.

    ...TN/OH Valleys...
    A similar regime is present this morning along a cold front from
    northwest OH into IL. Scattered strong thunderstorms may develop
    anywhere along the front from central PA into southeast MO. Forcing
    is weak so most storms will remain somewhat disorganized. However,
    the strongest storms will pose a risk of locally damaging wind
    gusts.

    ...NM...
    Ample low-level moisture has advected westward into
    southern/east-central NM. This combined with strong daytime heating
    will encourage thunderstorm development over the mountains by mid
    afternoon. Storms will spread into the adjacent Plains by early
    evening. Mid level winds will be only marginally favorable for a
    few organized/rotating cells capable of hail and gusty winds.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 09, 2025 16:28:46
    ACUS01 KWNS 091628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091627

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 091630Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    OVER PORTIONS OF THE GULF COAST STATES INTO SOUTHEAST...OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE TN/OH VALLEYS AND SOUTHERN LOWER MI...AND OVER THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears probable
    today across parts of the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys, over Lower MI,
    from lower Mississippi Valley into Southeast, and over the southern
    High Plains.

    ...Southeast TX into the Southeast...
    Morning observations and satellite/radar imagery reveals a complex
    pattern across TX and Southeast as a result of extensive overnight
    convection. Satellite imagery shows the vorticity maximum from the
    overnight storms in TX is over the AR/LA vicinity, with the
    associated outflow extending from southeast TX through south TX.
    Overnight storms also developed over central MS and southern AL,
    with the resulting MCV now in the central MS/AL border vicinity. All
    of these features will likely provide the impetus for thunderstorm
    development today, but the unfocused nature of the overall pattern
    leads to larger-than-usual uncertain for Day 1.

    Current expectation is for redevelopment over MS behind the MCV over
    southern LA/MS/AL as the MCV over AR/LA moves into the region later
    this afternoon. Given the combination of buoyancy and shear, this
    area appears to have the greater chance for severe than areas
    farther west across TX, where capping could limit coverage, or
    downstream across the GA/Carolinas where destabilization will likely
    be more limited. Damaging gusts are the primary risk across the
    entire region via both water-loaded downbursts and bowing line
    segments. Some isolated hail and a brief tornado or two are also
    possible.

    ...TN/OH Valleys...
    Recent surface analysis places a surface low over the AR/TN/MO
    border intersection, with a weak cold front extending northeastward
    from this low to another low over western Lake Ontario. Moderate
    low-level moisture (i.e. dewpoints around 62-64 deg F) exists ahead
    of this front. General expectation is for thunderstorm development
    along and ahead of this front as it moves eastward and downstream
    airmass diurnally destabilizes. Two areas within this broader zone
    that appear to have a relatively greater severe potential are across
    middle TN, where the ongoing storms could become loosely organized
    into a forward-propagating line, and across eastern OH/western PA,
    where stronger shear and greater forcing for ascent could result in
    bowing line segments.

    ...Lower MI...
    Strong heating is anticipated across Lower MI today, resulting in a
    deeply mixed boundary layer. Shortwave trough rotating through the
    base of the larger upper low centered over WI is expected to move
    into the region this afternoon, interacting with this deeply mixed
    and destabilized boundary layer to support thunderstorm development.
    Some stronger low/mid-level flow will accompany this shortwave as
    well, and the overall setup appears favorable for line segments
    capable of damaging gusts. Severe coverage is expected to be high
    enough to merit upgrading to 15% wind probabilities across southern
    Lower MI.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Low-level moisture will continue to advect northwestward into west
    TX and eastern NM today, with mid to upper 60s dewpoints across west
    TX and low to mid 60s dewpoints in eastern NM by this evening. This
    moisture advection and resulting buoyancy will provide a favorable
    environment for storms to persist as the move off the higher terrain
    this evening. Upscale growth into a southeastward-progressing
    convective line appears probable, with this line moving across east-central/southeast NM and into west TX. Strong to severe gusts
    are possible within this line.

    Additionally, a few storms are possible along and north of the
    modified outflow boundary this evening. Steep lapse rates, ample
    low-level moisture, and a unidirectional mid to upper-level westerly
    wind profile with increasing speed with height will support the
    potential for large to very large hail with these storms.

    ..Mosier/Thornton.. 06/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 09, 2025 20:01:26
    ACUS01 KWNS 092001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 092000Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE
    GULF COAST STATES INTO THE SOUTHEAST...PARTS OF THE TN/OH
    VALLEYS...LOWER MI...AND THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears probable
    today across parts of the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys, over Lower
    Michigan, from the lower Mississippi Valley into the Southeast, and
    over the southern High Plains.

    ...20Z Update...
    The Slight Risk in the southern High Plains was expanded
    southeastward and southwestward, given the potential for splitting
    supercells along a surface boundary into this evening. Large to very
    large hail will be possible with this activity. Additionally, storms
    moving southeastward out of southeast NM could grow upscale across
    this same corridor during the overnight hours, posing a risk of
    scattered severe wind gusts. Farther east, the Slight Risk was
    trimmed over parts of the Mid-South -- behind eastward-moving storms
    ahead of the cold front. Elsewhere, the forecast remains on track.

    ..Weinman.. 06/09/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1127 AM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025/

    ...Southeast TX into the Southeast...
    Morning observations and satellite/radar imagery reveals a complex
    pattern across TX and Southeast as a result of extensive overnight
    convection. Satellite imagery shows the vorticity maximum from the
    overnight storms in TX is over the AR/LA vicinity, with the
    associated outflow extending from southeast TX through south TX.
    Overnight storms also developed over central MS and southern AL,
    with the resulting MCV now in the central MS/AL border vicinity. All
    of these features will likely provide the impetus for thunderstorm
    development today, but the unfocused nature of the overall pattern
    leads to larger-than-usual uncertain for Day 1.

    Current expectation is for redevelopment over MS behind the MCV over
    southern LA/MS/AL as the MCV over AR/LA moves into the region later
    this afternoon. Given the combination of buoyancy and shear, this
    area appears to have the greater chance for severe than areas
    farther west across TX, where capping could limit coverage, or
    downstream across the GA/Carolinas where destabilization will likely
    be more limited. Damaging gusts are the primary risk across the
    entire region via both water-loaded downbursts and bowing line
    segments. Some isolated hail and a brief tornado or two are also
    possible.

    ...TN/OH Valleys...
    Recent surface analysis places a surface low over the AR/TN/MO
    border intersection, with a weak cold front extending northeastward
    from this low to another low over western Lake Ontario. Moderate
    low-level moisture (i.e. dewpoints around 62-64 deg F) exists ahead
    of this front. General expectation is for thunderstorm development
    along and ahead of this front as it moves eastward and downstream
    airmass diurnally destabilizes. Two areas within this broader zone
    that appear to have a relatively greater severe potential are across
    middle TN, where the ongoing storms could become loosely organized
    into a forward-propagating line, and across eastern OH/western PA,
    where stronger shear and greater forcing for ascent could result in
    bowing line segments.

    ...Lower MI...
    Strong heating is anticipated across Lower MI today, resulting in a
    deeply mixed boundary layer. Shortwave trough rotating through the
    base of the larger upper low centered over WI is expected to move
    into the region this afternoon, interacting with this deeply mixed
    and destabilized boundary layer to support thunderstorm development.
    Some stronger low/mid-level flow will accompany this shortwave as
    well, and the overall setup appears favorable for line segments
    capable of damaging gusts. Severe coverage is expected to be high
    enough to merit upgrading to 15% wind probabilities across southern
    Lower MI.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Low-level moisture will continue to advect northwestward into west
    TX and eastern NM today, with mid to upper 60s dewpoints across west
    TX and low to mid 60s dewpoints in eastern NM by this evening. This
    moisture advection and resulting buoyancy will provide a favorable
    environment for storms to persist as the move off the higher terrain
    this evening. Upscale growth into a southeastward-progressing
    convective line appears probable, with this line moving across east-central/southeast NM and into west TX. Strong to severe gusts
    are possible within this line.

    Additionally, a few storms are possible along and north of the
    modified outflow boundary this evening. Steep lapse rates, ample
    low-level moisture, and a unidirectional mid to upper-level westerly
    wind profile with increasing speed with height will support the
    potential for large to very large hail with these storms.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 10, 2025 00:51:29
    ACUS01 KWNS 100050
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 100049

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0749 PM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 100100Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PART OF THE
    CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms will be possible this evening across parts of
    the central Appalachians, and in parts of the southern High Plains.
    A marginal severe threat will be possible over much of the
    Southeast, and from central into southeast Texas.

    ...Central Appalachians...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows a trough over the Great Lakes
    with southwest flow over much of the eastern U.S. A pronounced
    vorticity max is located over western Pennsylvania. Large-scale
    ascent associated with this feature is providing support for
    scattered thunderstorm development. The latest RAP has an axis of
    instability (MLCAPE around 1000 J/kg) analyzed from eastern West
    Virginia into far southern New York. In addition, the latest WSR-88D
    VWP at College Station has 0-6 km shear in the 30 to 40 knot range,
    with some directional shear in the lowest 2 km. This will continue
    to support a severe threat for a couple more hours this evening.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Northwesterly mid-level flow is evident on water vapor imagery from
    the southern and central Rockies into much of the Great Plains. At
    the surface, a moist axis is analyzed from west Texas into northeast
    New Mexico, along which the RAP has moderate instability. Scattered thunderstorms have developed along the western edge of the stronger
    instability in east-central New Mexico. Short-term model solutions
    move this convection southeastward into west Texas, where additional
    storms are already ongoing. These two areas of convection are
    expected to consolidate later this evening, and move southeastward
    into the western Texas Hill Country. Moderate deep-layer shear, and
    steep mid-level lapse rates over parts of western and central Texas
    will be favorable for supercells with large hail. Hailstones greater
    than 2 inches in diameter will be possible with cells that become
    intense. Isolated severe gusts will also be possible.

    ...Central and Southeast Texas...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow is located from eastern parts of
    the southern Plains into the central Gulf Coast states. At the
    surface, a very moist airmass is located over much of the region.
    The strongest instability is located over parts of southeast Texas,
    where the RAP has MLCAPE in the 3000 to 4000 J/kg range. In
    addition, the Houston WSR-88D VWP has 0-6 k shear around 50 knots,
    suggesting that supercells will be possible. In spite of this,
    convective coverage is expected to remain rather isolated due to a
    lack of large-scale ascent. Any cell that can develop and persist
    near the instability maximum this evening could have a potential for
    severe gusts and hail.

    ...Southeast...
    An upper-level trough is currently located from the lower Ohio
    Valley southward into the Gulf Coast states. At the surface, a moist
    airmass is present over much of the Southeast. The RAP suggests that
    MLCAPE ranges from around 1000 J/kg over parts of central Georgia
    and central Alabama to about 3000 J/kg in southwest Louisiana.
    Although deep-layer shear is relatively weak across the region this
    evening, the instability could be enough for isolated severe gusts
    and hail with the stronger cells for another hour or so.

    ..Broyles.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 10, 2025 06:00:50
    ACUS01 KWNS 100600
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 100559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHEAST NEW MEXICO...FAR WEST TEXAS AND THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected to develop this afternoon and evening
    across parts of far southeast New Mexico, far West Texas and the Rio
    Grande Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible from parts
    of the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    along parts of the Atlantic Coastal states, in northern
    California/southern Oregon and in parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...Far Southeast New Mexico/Far West Texas/Rio Grande Valley...
    A subtle mid-level shortwave trough will move southeastward across
    New Mexico today. At the surface, a moist axis will be located
    across the lower to middle Rio Grande Valley, where moderate
    instability is expected to be in place by afternoon. As instability
    becomes maximized, scattered thunderstorms will likely develop ahead
    of the trough in the higher terrain of southeast New Mexico and far
    West Texas. This convection will spread southeastward into the Rio
    Grande Valley. RAP forecast soundings at 21Z to the east of the
    Davis Mountains of west Texas have MLCAPE reaching 3500 J/kg. 0-6 km
    shear is forecast to be in the 40 to 45 knot range, with 700-500 mb
    lapse rates approaching 9 C/Km. This environment will be favorable
    for supercells with large hail. The more intense cores could produce
    hailstone greater than 2 inches in diameter. In addition, the storms
    will be high-based with nearly dry adiabatic lapse rates in the
    low-levels. This will contribute to a potential for isolated severe
    wind gusts. The severe threat should gradually spread southeastward
    across far West Texas in the late afternoon, moving into the lower
    Rio Grande Valley during early evening.

    ...Southern Plains/Sabine River and Lower Mississippi Valleys...
    Mid-level flow will become westerly today from parts of the southern
    Plains into the central Gulf Coast states. At the surface, a moist
    airmass will be in place across much of the region. Short-term model
    forecasts suggest that a convective cluster or line could be ongoing
    at the start of the period across the western Texas Hill Country. If
    this occurs, then these storms could pose a marginal severe threat
    as they move eastward from central Texas into southeast Texas late
    this morning and early this afternoon. A few marginally severe
    storms could also develop further east into the lower Mississippi
    Valley, as surface temperatures and instability become maximized
    during the late afternoon.

    ...Atlantic Coastal States...
    A mid-level trough will move eastward across the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys today. At the surface, a moist airmass will be in place
    ahead of the trough in the Atlantic Coastal states. As temperatures
    warm, isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
    during the early afternoon from parts of the Carolinas northward to
    the vicinity of New York City. The strongest instability will be
    located in the Carolinas, where steep low-level lapse rates will
    contribute to a potential for marginally severe wind gusts. Further
    north into the Mid-Atlantic, the combination of instability and
    deep-layer shear could also be sufficient for an isolated severe
    threat. As convection moves eastward out of the higher terrain
    during the early to mid afternoon, short multicell line segments
    could produce marginally severe wind gusts.

    ...Northern California/Southern Oregon...
    Mid-level flow will become increasingly southwesterly across parts
    of the West Coast today. A pocket of instability is expected to
    develop by afternoon from northern California into southern Oregon.
    As surface temperatures warm within this pocket, isolated to
    scattered thunderstorms will develop in the higher terrain. This
    convection will move eastward into the lower elevations during the
    late afternoon. RAP forecast soundings in northern California and
    southern Oregon at 21Z have MLCAPE peaking in the 500 to 1000 J/kg
    range, with surface temperature-dewpoint spreads exceeding 30
    degrees F. This combined with steep mid-level lapse rates could be
    sufficient for a marginally severe gusts and hail.

    ...Northern Rockies...
    A mid-level ridge is forecast to move eastward across the northern
    Rockies today. In spite of limited large-scale ascent, isolated
    thunderstorms will likely develop in the higher terrain of the
    northern Rockies by afternoon. Weak instability and large surface-temperature-dewpoint spreads could be enough for marginally
    severe wind gusts as storms move into the lower elevations during
    the afternoon. Hail will also be possible.

    ..Broyles/Squitieri.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 10, 2025 12:19:23
    ACUS01 KWNS 101219
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101217

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0717 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 101300Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEAST NM AND SOUTHWEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected to develop this afternoon and evening
    across parts of far southeast New Mexico, far West Texas and the Rio
    Grande Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible from parts
    of the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    along parts of the Atlantic Coastal states, in northern
    California/southern Oregon and in parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...Central/East TX This Morning...
    Morning satellite/radar loops show a large linear MCS tracking
    slowly eastward across west-central TX. This line of storms has
    been primarily non-severe for the past few hours, but with gusty
    winds along the leading edge. Overnight CAM solutions suggest the
    MCS will continue to slowly weaken this morning, but a residual MCV
    may continue to track eastward this afternoon into east TX and
    central LA. Ample low level moisture and CAPE will support
    re-development of a few strong storms. The current forecast
    scenario is for this activity to be weakly organized this afternoon.
    However, if re-intensification of this MCS can occur, a SLGT risk
    area may be needed in east TX/central LA in later outlook updates.

    ...Southeast NM/Southwest TX This Afternoon/Evening...
    The outflow boundary associated with the aforementioned MCS is
    sagging southward across southwest TX. Southeasterly low-level
    winds behind the outflow boundary, coupled with afternoon heating,
    is expected to draw ample low-level moisture westward by late
    afternoon. This will result in scattered intense thunderstorms over
    the Davis mountains and vicinity. Storms will build southeastward
    through the evening with a risk of very large hail and damaging wind
    gusts.

    ...Coastal GA/SC...
    Another remnant MCS is tracking across southern GA. A few hours of
    daytime heating ahead of this activity could lead to intensification
    by late morning, with a risk of strong wind gusts.

    ...Eastern FL Peninsula...
    Full daytime heating and dewpoints in the 70s will yield strong
    instability later this afternoon along the northeast and
    east-central FL peninsula - leading to scattered thunderstorm
    development. Weak but sufficient deep-layer shear and steep
    low-level lapse rates could result in locally damaging wind gusts in
    the strongest cells.

    ...NY/New England...
    A surface cold front will sweep eastward across NY today.
    Thunderstorms are expected to form along the front by mid-afternoon
    over eastern Quebec and develop southward into central NY. A moist
    and unstable air mass is expected to be in place over the
    Hudson/Champlain Valleys, aiding a few strong storms capable of
    gusty winds and hail.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 10, 2025 16:29:57
    ACUS01 KWNS 101629
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 101630Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEAST NM AND FAR WEST INTO CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected to develop this afternoon and evening
    across parts of far southeast New Mexico, far West Texas and the Rio
    Grande Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible from parts
    of the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    along parts of the Atlantic Coastal states, in northern
    California/southern Oregon and in parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...Central/East/Southeast TX...
    Recent satellite/radar imagery shows a decaying MCS across central
    TX. The airmass downstream across east/southeast TX is very moist,
    with dewpoints in the 70s, which will support strong buoyancy amid
    continued daytime, with MLCAPE likely over 2500 J/kg. However,
    vertical shear is weak and the general expectation is for the
    strength of the MCS to remain modest, with only limited re
    intensification anticipated. Any reintensification appears most
    likely along the northern portion of the MCS, where interaction with
    a warm-front-like boundary demarcating more tropical air is likely.
    This may lead to some forward propagation and an increased potential
    for a few locally stronger gusts.

    ...Southeast NM/Far West into Central TX This Afternoon/Evening... Easterly/southeasterly winds are expected to result in notable
    low-level moisture advection into the region throughout the day.
    This increased low-level moisture beneath steep mid-level lapse
    rates will support moderate to strong airmass destabilization amid
    daytime heating this afternoon. Low-level convergence and orographic
    ascent coupled with strengthening large-scale lift ahead of an
    approaching shortwave trough will foster severe thunderstorm
    development this afternoon across southeast NM and far west TX.
    Large to very large hail (3"+ in diameter) is the primary risk with
    the more cellular, early stage development. Upscale growth is then
    expected, with the resulting convective line progressing
    southeastward into the Edwards Plateau/central TX vicinity. The hail
    threat will persist, but strong wind gusts will become the primary
    risk once the linear mode dominates.

    ...Central Portions of the Southeast into Mid-Atlantic...
    Recent surface analysis places a weak trough from northern MS
    eastward through northern GA then northeastward across the Carolina
    Piedmont to a low over the Chesapeake Bay vicinity. This boundary
    will provide the impetus for scattered thunderstorm development as
    it gradually shifts southeastward as a more cold-front-like feature
    later this afternoon and evening. The downstream airmass will be
    moderately to strongly buoyant, but shear will be weak, leading to a predominantly disorganized multicellular mode. A few strong
    downbursts are possible as storms collapse and/or briefly surge as
    bowing line segments.

    ...Eastern FL Peninsula...
    Full daytime heating and dewpoints in the 70s will yield strong
    instability later this afternoon along the northeast and
    east-central FL peninsula, supporting scattered thunderstorm
    development. Weak but sufficient deep-layer shear and steep
    low-level lapse rates could result in locally damaging wind gusts in
    the strongest cells.

    ...New England...
    Recent surface analysis places a cold front from eastern Lake Erie southwestward through far western NY and PA, well to the west of the
    warm conveyor showers and thunderstorms currently ongoing across
    much of New England. Modest destabilization is anticipated ahead of
    the cold front, with scattered thunderstorm development anticipated
    along this boundary as it moves eastward this afternoon. Buoyancy
    will be modest, but strong mid-level flow and resulting strong shear
    should still support organized storm structures this
    afternoon/evening. Some isolated hail and/or damaging gusts are
    possible within the strongest updrafts.

    ...Pacific Northwest into the northern Rockies...
    Upper ridging will continue to dampen across the region while
    mid-level southwesterly/westerly flow aloft gradually strengthens
    ahead of an approaching low-amplitude shortwave trough. Orographic
    effects coupled with increasing mid-level moisture and modest
    large-scale ascent will support thunderstorms over the higher
    terrain, with some of these storms tracking eastward/northeastward
    into lower elevation areas. Greater lower elevation destabilization
    is anticipated the southern/southeast OR vicinity and the lee of
    northern Rockies in western/central MT. Damaging gusts are possible
    later this afternoon/evening as high-based storms moved into these
    regions. Some isolated hail may occur as well.

    ..Mosier/Thornton.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 10, 2025 19:57:56
    ACUS01 KWNS 101956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 102000Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHEAST NM AND FAR WEST INTO CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected to develop this afternoon and evening
    across parts of far southeast New Mexico, far West Texas and the Rio
    Grande Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible from parts
    of the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    along parts of the Atlantic Coastal states, in northern
    California/southern Oregon and in parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast largely remains on track with only minor
    adjustments needed to account for recent convective trends. The
    greatest severe threat remains focused across southwest Texas where
    a few supercells continue to mature. Recent MRMS MESH estimates
    suggest hail between 1.5 to 2.5 inches may be ongoing with a couple
    of these cells, and the environment should remain supportive of
    significant hail through early evening prior to upscale growth into
    one or more propagating clusters. Additional attempts at initiation
    are noted in satellite imagery along the upper Rio Grande Valley,
    which should support increasing storm coverage and foster the
    anticipated upscale growth. See the previous discussion below for
    additional forecast details.

    ..Moore.. 06/10/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025/

    ...Central/East/Southeast TX...
    Recent satellite/radar imagery shows a decaying MCS across central
    TX. The airmass downstream across east/southeast TX is very moist,
    with dewpoints in the 70s, which will support strong buoyancy amid
    continued daytime, with MLCAPE likely over 2500 J/kg. However,
    vertical shear is weak and the general expectation is for the
    strength of the MCS to remain modest, with only limited re
    intensification anticipated. Any reintensification appears most
    likely along the northern portion of the MCS, where interaction with
    a warm-front-like boundary demarcating more tropical air is likely.
    This may lead to some forward propagation and an increased potential
    for a few locally stronger gusts.

    ...Southeast NM/Far West into Central TX This Afternoon/Evening... Easterly/southeasterly winds are expected to result in notable
    low-level moisture advection into the region throughout the day.
    This increased low-level moisture beneath steep mid-level lapse
    rates will support moderate to strong airmass destabilization amid
    daytime heating this afternoon. Low-level convergence and orographic
    ascent coupled with strengthening large-scale lift ahead of an
    approaching shortwave trough will foster severe thunderstorm
    development this afternoon across southeast NM and far west TX.
    Large to very large hail (3"+ in diameter) is the primary risk with
    the more cellular, early stage development. Upscale growth is then
    expected, with the resulting convective line progressing
    southeastward into the Edwards Plateau/central TX vicinity. The hail
    threat will persist, but strong wind gusts will become the primary
    risk once the linear mode dominates.

    ...Central Portions of the Southeast into Mid-Atlantic...
    Recent surface analysis places a weak trough from northern MS
    eastward through northern GA then northeastward across the Carolina
    Piedmont to a low over the Chesapeake Bay vicinity. This boundary
    will provide the impetus for scattered thunderstorm development as
    it gradually shifts southeastward as a more cold-front-like feature
    later this afternoon and evening. The downstream airmass will be
    moderately to strongly buoyant, but shear will be weak, leading to a predominantly disorganized multicellular mode. A few strong
    downbursts are possible as storms collapse and/or briefly surge as
    bowing line segments.

    ...Eastern FL Peninsula...
    Full daytime heating and dewpoints in the 70s will yield strong
    instability later this afternoon along the northeast and
    east-central FL peninsula, supporting scattered thunderstorm
    development. Weak but sufficient deep-layer shear and steep
    low-level lapse rates could result in locally damaging wind gusts in
    the strongest cells.

    ...New England...
    Recent surface analysis places a cold front from eastern Lake Erie southwestward through far western NY and PA, well to the west of the
    warm conveyor showers and thunderstorms currently ongoing across
    much of New England. Modest destabilization is anticipated ahead of
    the cold front, with scattered thunderstorm development anticipated
    along this boundary as it moves eastward this afternoon. Buoyancy
    will be modest, but strong mid-level flow and resulting strong shear
    should still support organized storm structures this
    afternoon/evening. Some isolated hail and/or damaging gusts are
    possible within the strongest updrafts.

    ...Pacific Northwest into the northern Rockies...
    Upper ridging will continue to dampen across the region while
    mid-level southwesterly/westerly flow aloft gradually strengthens
    ahead of an approaching low-amplitude shortwave trough. Orographic
    effects coupled with increasing mid-level moisture and modest
    large-scale ascent will support thunderstorms over the higher
    terrain, with some of these storms tracking eastward/northeastward
    into lower elevation areas. Greater lower elevation destabilization
    is anticipated the southern/southeast OR vicinity and the lee of
    northern Rockies in western/central MT. Damaging gusts are possible
    later this afternoon/evening as high-based storms moved into these
    regions. Some isolated hail may occur as well.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 11, 2025 01:02:12
    ACUS01 KWNS 110101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 110059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 110100Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms associated with isolated large hail and damaging wind
    gusts are expected this evening across parts of the Rio Grande
    Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible in parts of the
    southern Plains, central Gulf Coast states, and northwestern U.S.

    ...Rio Grande Valley/Southern Plains...
    A shortwave trough is evident on water vapor imagery over New
    Mexico. Ahead of the trough, a moist airmass is present over much of
    the southern Plains. The RAP suggests that moderate instability is
    confined to the Texas Coastal Plain and lower Rio Grande Valley,
    where surface dewpoints generally range from the upper 60s to mid
    70s F. A severe convective cluster is located near the northwestern
    edge of moderate instability in the vicinity of Del Rio. This area
    of convection will continue to move southeastward across southwest
    Texas this evening. The WSR-88D VWP at Del Rio has 0-6 km shear near
    25 knots. In addition, the RAP suggests that 700-500 mb lapse rates
    are between 7 and 7.5 C/km. This environment should be sufficient
    for an isolated severe threat. Organized line segments could be
    capable of isolated large hail and wind damage. The severe threat in
    the Rio Grande Valley may persist into the mid to late evening.

    Further to the east into parts of the southern Plains, convection
    associated with warm advection may develop later this evening into
    the tonight. This convection could pose a threat for hail and
    marginally severe wind gusts.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    A mid-level trough is evident on water vapor imagery over the
    Tennessee Valley and central Gulf Coast states. At the surface, a
    moist airmass is located from the lower Mississippi Valley eastward
    to the Atlantic Seaboard. Within this airmass, the RAP has an axis
    of moderate to strong instability analyzed from south-central
    Mississippi into central Alabama and central Georgia. Surface
    dewpoints near this axis are mostly in the lower 70s F. Although
    deep-layer shear is relatively weak along and near this instability
    axis, low-level lapse rates are steep. This could contribute to a
    marginal wind-damage threat early this evening.

    ...Northwestern States...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will approach the northern California
    coast this evening. Ahead of the trough, a somewhat moist airmass is
    present from northern California into southeastern Oregon, where
    scattered thunderstorms have developed this afternoon. Within this
    airmass, the RAP is estimating MLCAPE in the 250 to 500 J/kg range.
    Deep-layer shear appears to be relatively weak, with 0-6 km shear
    estimated to be between 20 and 30 knots. In spite of this, low to
    mid-level lapse rates are very steep. This could support a marginal
    wind-damage or hail threat for a couple more hours.

    ..Broyles.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 11, 2025 06:01:46
    ACUS01 KWNS 110601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 110559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUHT-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with severe gusts and hail will be possible
    today across parts of the southern Plains and Sabine River Valley.
    Marginally severe storms will also be possible in parts of the Upper
    Midwest and northwestern states.

    ...Southern Plains/Sabine River Valley...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough will move eastward across the
    southern Plains today. Ahead of the trough, flow will be
    southwesterly across much of the eastern half of Texas. At the
    surface, a moist airmass will remain in place from the eastern Texas
    Hill Country eastward into the Sabine River Valley, where surface
    dewpoints will be in the lower to mid 70s F. Early in the period, a
    line of storms is expected to move eastward across this moist
    airmass. The line will likely lay out an outflow boundary across
    parts of the Texas Coastal Plain. To the south of this boundary,
    moderate instability is expected to develop by afternoon.
    Thunderstorm development will be most likely along and near the
    boundary during the mid to late afternoon, with multiple clusters of
    storms moving eastward across central and southeast Texas. RAP
    forecast soundings across the Texas Coastal Plain at 21Z have a
    MLCAPE peaking near 3000 J/kg, with 0-6 km shear around 30 knots.
    The environment should support a severe threat, associated with
    supercells and/or short bowing line segments. Wind damage will be
    the primary threat, although hail will also be possible.

    ...Northern Rockies/Northern High Plains...
    A shortwave trough will move across the northern Rockies today. At
    the surface, a moist airmass will be in place from the northern
    Rockies eastward into the northern High Plains. Destabilization will
    occur during the day across this airmass as surface temperatures
    warm. Models forecasts suggest that MLCAPE could reach 1000 J/kg in
    some areas. By early to mid afternoon, convection is expected to
    develop in the higher terrain, with storms moving eastward into the
    lower elevations. Forecast soundings across the region suggest that
    low to mid-level lapse rates will become very steep, and that
    moderate deep-layer shear will be present. For this reason, a threat
    for hail and isolated severe gusts will be possible, especially near
    and after peak heating.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow will be in place today from the
    northern Plains eastward into the Upper Midwest. At the surface, a
    cold front will move slowly southward across the mid Missouri and
    upper Mississippi Valleys. This front will be a focus for convective development today. To the south of the front, surface dewpoints in
    the 60s F will likely contribute to moderate instability by
    afternoon. Although deep-layer shear will be relatively weak,
    low-level lapse rates are forecast to become very steep, locally
    exceeding 9 C/km in some areas. Thunderstorms that develop on the
    warm side of the boundary where lapse rates are maximized could
    develop a threat for isolated damaging wind gusts and hail.

    ..Broyles/Squitieri.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 11, 2025 12:17:46
    ACUS01 KWNS 111217
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111216

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0716 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 111300Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING OVER PORTIONS OF EAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with severe gusts and hail will be possible
    today across parts of Texas. Marginally severe storms will also be
    possible in parts of the Upper Midwest and northwestern states.

    ...Southeast TX...
    Multiple clusters of thunderstorms are affecting areas from
    north-central to deep south TX this morning. These storms are
    drifting slowly eastward and will likely weaken through
    late-morning. By mid-afternoon, redevelopment of strong
    thunderstorms is expected along residual outflow boundaries and a quasi-stationary front that extends from east TX into LA. The
    scenario for organized severe thunderstorms in this region is
    nebulous, but forecast soundings show pockets of favorable
    environment for hail and gusty winds.

    ...MN/IA...
    A compact convectively-enhanced shortwave trough is present this
    morning over SD. This feature will track eastward today, with most
    CAM solutions suggesting a small cluster of thunderstorms moving
    from southeast SD eastward along the MN/IA border. Sufficient
    afternoon CAPE and steep low-level lapse rates will probably be
    sufficient for a few strong wind gusts and perhaps some hail with
    these storms. Some consideration was given to a small SLGT risk in
    this zone, but will defer to later outlook updates.

    ...Northern Great Basin/Rockies...
    A well-defined shortwave trough is moving across OR/NV. Increasing
    large-scale lift and mid-level moisture will aid in the development
    of scattered afternoon/evening thunderstorms from ID eastward across
    much of MT/WY/northern UT. The strongest storms will pose a risk of
    locally damaging wind gusts and perhaps hail.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 11, 2025 16:41:50
    ACUS01 KWNS 111641
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111640

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1140 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 111630Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    CENTRAL/EAST TEXAS AND PARTS OF THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with severe wind gusts and hail are
    possible today across parts of Texas and the Upper Midwest.
    Marginally severe storms will also be possible in parts of the
    northern Intermountain region/northern High Plains and the Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas.

    ...Central/East Texas...
    A complex/muddled mesoscale scenario exists regionally owing to a
    decayed but lingering MCS across east/southeast Texas and multiple
    lingering convectively enhanced MCVs in proximity to a
    weak/slow-moving upper trough. Some supercell potential exists today
    across East Texas and vicinity, with redevelopment expected later
    today into tonight back west/southwest into central/south-central
    Texas. Where air mass recovery/destabilization occurs, lingering
    convectively enhanced flow field could support some supercells and well-organized clusters capable of damaging winds, hail, and
    possibly a tornado risk, pending a sustenance of moderately strong
    winds in the lowest 2-3km AGL and possible outflow/
    boundary-interaction factors.

    ...Upper Midwest including northern IA/southern MN/southern WI...
    Have introduced a near-frontal-zone focused categorical Slight Risk
    for an anticipated severe hail/wind risk expected later this
    afternoon through early/mid-evening. This will be ahead of a convectively-enhanced shortwave trough, with moderately strong
    westerlies atop the west/east-oriented frontal zone. While low-level
    moisture will not be robust by late-spring standards, steep lapse
    rates and moderately strong buoyancy will support potentially severe
    storms.

    ...Northern Great Basin/Rockies...
    A readily evident shortwave trough in late-morning water vapor
    imagery over southeast Oregon/northern Nevada and southwest Idaho
    will continue east-northeastward today, reaching the northern High
    Plains late tonight. Increasing forcing for ascent and mid-level
    moisture will aid in the development of scattered afternoon/evening thunderstorms, particularly from Idaho eastward across much of
    Montana/Wyoming and northern Utah. The strongest storms will pose a
    risk of severe-caliber wind gusts and some hail.

    ...Eastern Carolinas/southeast Virginia...
    A moist/moderately unstable environment and modest-strength vertical
    shear will support some potential for locally damaging winds and
    hail until around sunset. See Mesoscale Discussion 1249 for
    additional short-term details.

    ..Guyer/Thornton.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 11, 2025 19:59:19
    ACUS01 KWNS 111959
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111957

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 PM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 112000Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    CENTRAL/EAST TEXAS AND PARTS OF THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with severe wind gusts and hail are
    possible today across parts of Texas and the Upper Midwest.
    Marginally severe storms will also be possible in parts of the
    northern Intermountain region/northern High Plains and the Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast remains on track with only minor adjustments
    needed to account for recent convective trends. Latest surface
    observations/RAP mesoanalysis shows fairly stable conditions across
    the TX Coastal Plain in the wake of the MCS currently approaching
    the Sabine River. However, lingering low-level moisture coupled with
    increasing ascent/cooler temperatures aloft associated with the
    approaching mid-level trough should promote thunderstorm development
    across the TX Slight risk area late tonight into early Thursday
    morning. Latest forecast guidance and soundings continue to hint at
    the potential for strong/severe storms, so opted to maintain current
    risk categories despite the limited severe threat in the short-term.

    ..Moore.. 06/11/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1140 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025/

    ...Central/East Texas...
    A complex/muddled mesoscale scenario exists regionally owing to a
    decayed but lingering MCS across east/southeast Texas and multiple
    lingering convectively enhanced MCVs in proximity to a
    weak/slow-moving upper trough. Some supercell potential exists today
    across East Texas and vicinity, with redevelopment expected later
    today into tonight back west/southwest into central/south-central
    Texas. Where air mass recovery/destabilization occurs, lingering
    convectively enhanced flow field could support some supercells and well-organized clusters capable of damaging winds, hail, and
    possibly a tornado risk, pending a sustenance of moderately strong
    winds in the lowest 2-3km AGL and possible outflow/
    boundary-interaction factors.

    ...Upper Midwest including northern IA/southern MN/southern WI...
    Have introduced a near-frontal-zone focused categorical Slight Risk
    for an anticipated severe hail/wind risk expected later this
    afternoon through early/mid-evening. This will be ahead of a convectively-enhanced shortwave trough, with moderately strong
    westerlies atop the west/east-oriented frontal zone. While low-level
    moisture will not be robust by late-spring standards, steep lapse
    rates and moderately strong buoyancy will support potentially severe
    storms.

    ...Northern Great Basin/Rockies...
    A readily evident shortwave trough in late-morning water vapor
    imagery over southeast Oregon/northern Nevada and southwest Idaho
    will continue east-northeastward today, reaching the northern High
    Plains late tonight. Increasing forcing for ascent and mid-level
    moisture will aid in the development of scattered afternoon/evening thunderstorms, particularly from Idaho eastward across much of
    Montana/Wyoming and northern Utah. The strongest storms will pose a
    risk of severe-caliber wind gusts and some hail.

    ...Eastern Carolinas/southeast Virginia...
    A moist/moderately unstable environment and modest-strength vertical
    shear will support some potential for locally damaging winds and
    hail until around sunset. See Mesoscale Discussion 1249 for
    additional short-term details.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 12, 2025 01:02:27
    ACUS01 KWNS 120101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 120100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 120100Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHEASTERN IOWA INTO ADJACENT SOUTHWESTERN
    WISCONSIN AND NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm activity may still increase across parts of central
    Texas, toward the upper Texas coastal plain, tonight accompanied by
    at least some risk for severe weather. Otherwise, ongoing
    thunderstorm development elsewhere is expected to generally wane by
    mid to late evening.

    ...01Z Update...

    ...Midwest...
    Convection with small cluster which has evolved along a stalled
    frontal zone across northeastern Iowa remains strong. However, it
    appears that forcing associated with a supporting mid-level
    perturbation is beginning to shift east of the Upper Midwest into
    Great Lakes, where the environment along the frontal zone becomes
    less unstable and will trend more stable with the loss of daytime
    heating. As this occurs, storms are expected to generally diminish
    in intensity this evening across northeastern Iowa through southern Wisconsin/northern Illinois.

    ...Northern Intermountain Region and Rockies...
    Downstream of a weak mid-level trough progressing eastward into the
    northern Rockies, stronger convection is now spreading in a swath
    across south central Montana and northern Wyoming. Instability is
    weak due to limited low-level moisture, but steep
    lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates, including a modestly heated and
    deeply mixed boundary layer, are contributing to the generation of
    strong to severe gusts with the most vigorous storms. This should
    begin to wane as low-level lapse rates stabilize with the onset of boundary-layer cooling.

    ...Texas...
    Within slow moving, weak mid-level troughing, a digging
    smaller-scale perturbation is supporting increasing thunderstorm
    development near/west of the I-35 corridor of central Texas. In
    the presence of 10-20 kt westerly to southwesterly deep-layer mean
    flow, it appears that instability and large-scale forcing for ascent
    will be sufficient to support a further increase in convection
    through 04-06Z, which probably will tend to slowly advect across and
    east of the I-35 corridor.

    It appears that low-level warm advection/convergence focused along a
    remnant frontal zone near/north of the San Antonio/Austin area could
    support an upscale growing cluster, perhaps aided by inflow of
    seasonably moist air becoming characterized by CAPE in excess of
    2000 J/kg. This may be accompanied by at least some increase in
    potential for strong to severe gusts associated with a developing
    cold pool while spreading toward the upper Texas coast overnight.
    However, given the initial weakness of the ambient mean flow/shear
    and lack of steeper lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates, the severe
    threat appears conditioned on strong convective augmentation of the
    wind fields, which seems relatively low in probability.

    ..Kerr.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 12, 2025 05:52:37
    ACUS01 KWNS 120552
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 120550

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY INTO
    TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE GREAT PLAINS...THE UPPER
    MIDWEST...SOUTHEASTERN TEXAS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND
    PARTS OF THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered areas of strong thunderstorm development are possible
    today into tonight, accompanied by potential for severe hail and
    wind across parts of the Great Plains, the Upper Midwest, the Texas
    coastal plains into lower Mississippi Valley and a small portion of
    the northern Mid Atlantic.

    ...Discussion...
    Split westerlies across the mid- and higher latitudes of the eastern
    Pacific into North America include broad, weak troughing across the northeastern Pacific into British Columbia and the Pacific
    Northwest. Models suggest that this cyclonic flow may undergo some amplification later today through tonight, as an embedded short wave perturbation pivots into the Pacific Northwest, to the south of a
    slow moving low near/offshore of the northern British Columbia
    coast.

    Downstream, short wave ridging is forecast to shift across the
    Canadian Prairies and east of the northern U.S. Rockies. However,
    it appears a residual belt of (relatively) stronger flow will linger
    above a stalled frontal zone across parts of the middle Missouri
    Valley, into a confluent regime across the northern Mid Atlantic, to
    the south of large-scale mid/upper troughing across the eastern
    Canadian provinces.

    It appears that seasonably high moisture content will largely remain
    confined to the southern mid- and subtropical latitudes, where
    ridging will remain suppressed, but westerlies will remain modest to
    weak. One larger-scale trough within this regime is forecast to
    slowly shift east of the southern Great Plains and northwest Gulf
    coast, toward the Mississippi Valley today through tonight.

    ...Northern Rockies into Upper Midwest...
    Despite seasonably modest boundary-layer moisture, models indicate
    that lower/mid-tropospheric lapse will become sufficiently steep to
    support at least pockets of mixed-layer CAPE in excess of 1000 J/kg, along/south of the stalled frontal zone across the Big Horns and
    Black Hills vicinity into the Upper Midwest, and within lee surface
    troughing across/northeast of the Cheyenne Ridge. Aided by forcing
    for ascent and shear associated with a couple of smaller scale
    mid-level perturbations/speed maxima (40-50+ kt at 500 mb)
    progressing through the belt of westerly flow, the environment may
    become conducive to organized convective development this afternoon
    and evening. This may include widely scattered supercells and small
    upscale growing clusters posing a risk for severe hail and wind.

    ...Northern Mid Atlantic...
    The development of mixed-layer CAPE on the order of 1000-2000 J/kg
    also appears possible with daytime heating of a moistening
    boundary-layer, along the southern slopes of the higher terrain of
    north central through northeastern Pennsylvania by late this
    afternoon. Although forcing for ascent to support thunderstorm
    initiation remains unclear, deep-layer shear beneath the southern
    fringe of seasonably strong westerlies will likely be conditionally
    supportive of organized convection capable of producing severe hail
    and wind, before the instability wanes late this evening.

    ...Southern Rockies into adjacent Great Plains...
    Downstream of the large-scale mid/upper troughing developing inland
    of the Pacific coast, models indicate a generally weak but difluent
    downstream flow will prevail across the southern Rockies. There is
    a notable signal within the model output that forcing for ascent
    will become supportive of widespread thunderstorm development along
    the Front Range and Sangre de Cristo Mountains by mid to late
    afternoon. Although propagation off the higher terrain will
    probably be initially slow, due to modest downstream
    destabilization, model forecast soundings indicate that a warm and
    deeply mixed boundary layer will become supportive of a few strong
    downbursts to the lee of the higher terrain. Consolidating and
    strengthening outflow may support strengthening surface cold pools
    with a continuing risk of strong to severe gusts into portions of
    the adjacent high plains through this evening.

    ...Texas Coastal Plains into lower Mississippi Valley...
    An increase in thunderstorm development gradually continues across
    and east of the I-35 corridor of central Texas, aided by forcing for
    ascent associated with a short wave impulse progressing through the
    weak larger-scale mid-level trough. It appears that this will
    continue into the Texas coastal plain, where inflow of seasonably
    high moisture content characterized by sizable CAPE may support
    considerable gradual further intensification through 12Z.

    To differing degrees, the various model output suggests that this
    may be accompanied by a developing lower/mid-tropospheric cyclonic
    circulation, and associated augmentation of the wind fields, that
    will tend to advect north-northeastward toward the Ozark Plateau/Mid
    South today. Preceded by a developing corridor of moderately large
    CAPE with daytime heating, it is possible that the environment could
    become conducive to organizing convection with potential to produce
    strong to severe surface gusts, and perhaps potential for a couple
    of brief tornadoes.

    ..Kerr/Squitieri.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 12, 2025 12:42:56
    ACUS01 KWNS 121242
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121241

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0741 AM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 121300Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING FOR PARTS OF NEBRASKA AND SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered areas of strong thunderstorm development are possible
    today into tonight, accompanied by potential for severe hail and
    wind across parts of the Great Plains, the Upper Midwest, the Texas
    coastal plains into lower Mississippi Valley and a small portion of
    the northern Mid Atlantic.

    ...NE/SD...
    Morning water vapor imagery shows a shortwave trough over eastern
    MT, with a mid-level speed max tracking across WY. Large-scale lift
    associated with the jet max will overspread parts of NE/SD by late
    afternoon along a stalled surface boundary. At least widely
    scattered thunderstorm activity is expected for a few hours (mainly
    21-03z), with forecast soundings suggesting sufficient deep-layer
    shear for a few organized/rotating cells. Locally damaging winds
    and hail are possible. Overnight CAM guidance has shown consistency
    on the corridor most likely to see storms, so have added a narrow
    SLGT to cover this threat.

    ...East TX/LA/AR...
    An upper trough is located over central TX, where widespread
    thunderstorms are ongoing this morning. A few of these storms have
    shown supercell tendencies overnight. Model guidance and local VAD
    data suggest a region of enhanced low/mid level flow to the east of
    the upper trough, extending from central into northeast TX. As the
    trough moves northeastward today, the combination of a very moist
    and modestly unstable air mass, sufficient low/deep layer shear, and considerable coverage of thunderstorms, will contribute to a risk of
    a few locally damaging wind gusts and/or tornadoes. Will maintain
    MRGL risk for today due to widespread clouds and limited opportunity
    for heating.

    ...GA/SC/NC...
    Strong heating is expected today across parts of GA/SC/NC, where
    temperatures in the upper 80s and dewpoints near 70F are forecast.
    This will lead to widespread moderate CAPE values and the
    development scattered afternoon thunderstorms. Vertical shear is
    weak, but a few weakly organized thunderstorm clusters may reach
    severe intensity with gusty/damaging winds.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 12, 2025 16:52:57
    ACUS01 KWNS 121652
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121651

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1151 AM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 121630Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTH-CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered areas of severe thunderstorm development are possible
    today into tonight, accompanied by potential for severe hail and
    wind across parts of the Great Plains, the Upper Midwest, the Texas
    coastal plain into the Lower Mississippi Valley, as well as a
    portion of the northern Mid-Atlantic.

    ...North-central Plains including Nebraska/South Dakota...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough and associated speed max will
    progress eastward over the northern High Plains, from southeast Montana/northeast Wyoming toward the Dakotas. Related forcing for
    ascent and a moderate belt of mid-level westerlies will overlie a
    wavy frontal zone across southern South Dakota and western Nebraska.
    At least widely scattered thunderstorms are expected into mid/late
    afternoon, with moderate buoyancy and 35-45 kt effective shear
    (especially northern Nebraska northward) supportive of supercells.
    Large hail and severe-caliber wind gusts are the primary hazards.

    ...South/East Texas to Lower Mississippi Valley/Mid-South...
    An extensive MCS and prominent outflow remain primary forecast
    factors today, with outflow now having progressed off the
    middle/upper Texas coast. An enhanced low/mid-level wind field on
    the eastern periphery of the convectively augmented upper low will
    continue to contribute to some supercell/tornado risk within a moist environment, although cloud cover and thermodynamic limitations may
    persist. Damaging winds may also occur on a sporadic/relatively
    limited basis regionally.

    ...Southeast/southern Appalachians...
    Strong heating is expected today across parts of Georgia into the
    Carolinas, where temperatures in the upper 80s F and dewpoints near
    70F are forecast. This will lead to widespread moderate CAPE values
    and the development of scattered afternoon thunderstorms. Vertical
    shear is weak, but a few weakly organized thunderstorm clusters may
    reach severe intensity with gusty/damaging winds.

    ...Northern Mid-Atlantic/Northeast...
    With full insolation, moderate destabilization will steadily develop
    this afternoon near/south of a southward-moving front. While
    ingredients are severe-storm supportive, the extent of deep
    convective development may be limited by modest overall
    forcing/low-level convergence, but at least isolated damaging
    winds/hail will be possible where storms do develop. Favorable
    deep-layer shear (40+ kt effective) is conditionally supportive of well-organized storms including supercells. In a relative sense,
    severe storm development currently appears most probable across
    eastern Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, and potentially toward
    the Great NYC Metro vicinity/far southeast New York.

    ..Guyer/Thornton.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 12, 2025 19:53:58
    ACUS01 KWNS 121953
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121952

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0252 PM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 122000Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTH-CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered areas of severe thunderstorm development are possible
    today into tonight, accompanied by potential for severe hail and
    wind across parts of the Great Plains, the Upper Midwest, the Texas
    coastal plain into the Lower Mississippi Valley, as well as a
    portion of the northern Mid-Atlantic.

    ...20z Update...
    The primary change for this update is to remove risk probabilities
    across parts of eastern TX and western LA in the wake of a gradually strengthening convective band/MCS where conditions have stabilized.
    Low-end risk probabilities have been expanded slightly across south
    TX to account for the southeastward propagation of a convective
    cluster developing on the outflow of the prior MCS. Recent RAP
    mesoanalysis estimates/forecast soundings suggest the downstream
    convective environment may be supportive of organized convection
    through early evening.

    Elsewhere, the forecast largely remains on track with few
    adjustments required. Convection developing within the upslope flow
    regime across the central High Plains should increase in coverage
    and intensity as ascent associated with a weak mid-level
    perturbation (currently over northern UT) overspreads the region.
    Across the Northern Mid-Atlantic/Northeast, temperatures have warmed
    into the mid-80s, which should minimize inhibition based on forecast
    soundings; however, satellite imagery continues to show meager
    vertical development of cumulus along the frontal zone, which limits
    confidence in convective initiation and the overall severe threat.
    See the previous discussion (below) and MCD #1260 for additional
    details.

    ..Moore.. 06/12/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1151 AM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025/

    ...North-central Plains including Nebraska/South Dakota...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough and associated speed max will
    progress eastward over the northern High Plains, from southeast Montana/northeast Wyoming toward the Dakotas. Related forcing for
    ascent and a moderate belt of mid-level westerlies will overlie a
    wavy frontal zone across southern South Dakota and western Nebraska.
    At least widely scattered thunderstorms are expected into mid/late
    afternoon, with moderate buoyancy and 35-45 kt effective shear
    (especially northern Nebraska northward) supportive of supercells.
    Large hail and severe-caliber wind gusts are the primary hazards.

    ...South/East Texas to Lower Mississippi Valley/Mid-South...
    An extensive MCS and prominent outflow remain primary forecast
    factors today, with outflow now having progressed off the
    middle/upper Texas coast. An enhanced low/mid-level wind field on
    the eastern periphery of the convectively augmented upper low will
    continue to contribute to some supercell/tornado risk within a moist environment, although cloud cover and thermodynamic limitations may
    persist. Damaging winds may also occur on a sporadic/relatively
    limited basis regionally.

    ...Southeast/southern Appalachians...
    Strong heating is expected today across parts of Georgia into the
    Carolinas, where temperatures in the upper 80s F and dewpoints near
    70F are forecast. This will lead to widespread moderate CAPE values
    and the development of scattered afternoon thunderstorms. Vertical
    shear is weak, but a few weakly organized thunderstorm clusters may
    reach severe intensity with gusty/damaging winds.

    ...Northern Mid-Atlantic/Northeast...
    With full insolation, moderate destabilization will steadily develop
    this afternoon near/south of a southward-moving front. While
    ingredients are severe-storm supportive, the extent of deep
    convective development may be limited by modest overall
    forcing/low-level convergence, but at least isolated damaging
    winds/hail will be possible where storms do develop. Favorable
    deep-layer shear (40+ kt effective) is conditionally supportive of well-organized storms including supercells. In a relative sense,
    severe storm development currently appears most probable across
    eastern Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, and potentially toward
    the Great NYC Metro vicinity/far southeast New York.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 13, 2025 00:34:37
    ACUS01 KWNS 130034
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 130033

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0733 PM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 130100Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms, a few severe, will spread across portions
    of the central and northern Plains this evening. Hail and wind are
    the primary risks.

    ...01z Update...

    Low-amplitude short-wave trough is ejecting across the northern High
    Plains of eastern MT/northeast WY early this evening. Scattered
    strong-severe thunderstorms have developed along the southern
    influence of this feature, particularly from southeast WY into north
    central NE, along a synoptic boundary draped across this region.
    While LLJ is not forecast to be particularly strong overnight, some
    increase is possible into this boundary over the next few hours and
    this could encourage additional storms as well as support ongoing
    activity. Latest radar data suggests large hail is occurring with
    the strongest updrafts, perhaps as many as half a dozen storms along
    the frontal zone. As heights are suppressed across the northern
    Plains tonight, low-level warm advection will likely support at
    least one or more MCS-type clusters to evolve and propagate toward
    the upper MS Valley by daybreak.

    ..Darrow.. 06/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 13, 2025 05:39:34
    ACUS01 KWNS 130538
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 130537

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1237 AM CDT Fri Jun 13 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across much of Montana,
    extending south across the central High Plains. The greatest
    concentration of severe is expected across Montana where very large
    hail, and severe winds are anticipated.

    ...Montana, south into the central High Plains...

    500mb speed max (50+kt) is forecast to translate across southern OR
    into the northern Rockies by late afternoon as a short-wave trough
    advances inland. At the surface, southeasterly low-level flow is
    expected to be maintained across much of MT east of the higher
    terrain, and moist boundary-layer conditions will be drawn deep into
    the mountains prior to convective initiation. Early this morning,
    lower-mid 50s surface dew points were observed as far west as Helena
    and Polson. Latest model guidance suggests CINH will be negligible
    by 18z across the higher terrain, and convection should readily
    develop within an increasingly sheared and modestly buoyant
    environment. NAM sounding for C18 at 18z exhibits 65kt 0-6km bulk
    shear, with 8 C/km lapse rates, and 1300 J/kg SBCAPE. Hodographs
    favor very large hail with these conditions and 2+ inch stones are
    certainly possible with the more robust supercells. Scattered
    supercells should develop by early afternoon then spread east and
    mature as they advance toward central/southern MT. Some tornado
    threat can be expected with these storms as ample low-level shear
    should be present. With time multiple thunderstorm clusters could
    emerge and severe winds may become more common as this activity
    propagates toward southern MT.

    Farther south across the High Plains of eastern WY into western KS,
    more isolated activity is expected within a weaker flow regime. 00z
    model guidance suggests a surface boundary will be draped across
    this region, extending southeast into central OK. This boundary will
    likely serve as the focus for diurnally enhanced convection.
    Forecast soundings suggest strong SBCAPE will be noted across the
    central High Plains into central OK where values should exceed
    3000-4000 J/kg at lower latitudes. Somewhat stronger northwesterly
    flow will extend across eastern OK into western AR and this may
    result in some organizational potential along the backside of the MS
    Valley trough. Have extended severe probs across OK into western AR
    to account for this possibility.

    ..Darrow/Supinie.. 06/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 13, 2025 12:42:04
    ACUS01 KWNS 131241
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131240

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0740 AM CDT Fri Jun 13 2025

    Valid 131300Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected this afternoon and
    evening across parts of Montana, extending southward across portions
    of the central/southern High Plains. The greatest concentration of
    severe thunderstorms should occur across central/eastern Montana,
    where large to very large hail, severe winds, and perhaps a few
    tornadoes are anticipated.

    ...Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    A closed upper low will remain centered off the coast of British
    Columbia today, as multiple low-amplitude mid-level shortwave
    troughs advance eastward across the Pacific Northwest to the
    northern Rockies. A seasonably moist low-level airmass is already in
    place this morning across much of MT, with surface dewpoints
    generally in the 50s. Daytime heating and modestly steepened
    mid-level lapse rates will aid in the development of moderate
    instability by this afternoon, mainly from central MT eastward.
    35-50 kt of west-southwesterly mid-level flow associated with the
    shortwave troughs should support similar values of deep-layer shear,
    with RAP forecast soundings showing long/straight hodographs at
    mid/upper levels. Large-scale ascent attendant to the shortwave
    troughs will likely encourage robust convective development by early
    afternoon (18-20Z), initially over the higher terrain of the
    northern Rockies.

    This activity is forecast to quickly become supercellular given
    moderate to strong effective bulk shear. The favorable lapse rates
    and hodographs at mid/upper levels should support a threat for
    scattered large to isolated very large (2+ inch diameter) hail with
    this initially cellular activity. By mid to late afternoon into
    early evening, some clustering/upscale growth is anticipated across
    eastern MT and vicinity as low-level southeasterly flow gradually
    strengthens. A greater threat for severe/damaging winds, with
    isolated gusts of 75+ mph, remains apparent across this area. The
    tornado threat is less clear, as the boundary layer is forecast to
    become rather well mixed this afternoon. Still, modestly increasing
    low-level shear this evening may support some threat for a few
    tornadoes.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains into Western Arkansas...
    Elevated convection ongoing this morning across western OK in a
    modest low-level warm advection regime may pose a limited severe
    threat until it diminishes later this morning. Otherwise, at least
    scattered thunderstorms should develop over the higher terrain of
    the central Rockies and subsequently spread eastward into the
    adjacent High Plains this afternoon and evening. Mid-level
    west-southwesterly flow is generally expected to weaken with
    southward extent across the central High Plains. But, sufficient
    directional shear should still exist to support some updraft
    organization, including the potential for a few supercells across
    eastern WY/CO into western SD/NE/KS. Isolated large hail will be a
    threat with any convection that can remain at least semi-discrete,
    while severe winds may occur with one or more clusters that
    eventually develop.

    Convection is expected to become more isolated and less organized
    with southward extent into the southern High Plains, but it may
    still pose some hail/wind threat given sufficient instability and
    steepened low/mid-level lapse rates. Somewhat stronger northwesterly
    mid-level flow should also be in place across OK into western AR on
    the back side of an upper trough over the lower/mid MS Valley. While
    forcing will remain weak/nebulous across this region, a
    conditionally favorable environment for severe thunderstorms will
    exist.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley/Southeast into the Ohio Valley...
    A weak mid-level trough will advance slowly eastward from the Ozarks
    to the lower MS and OH Valleys through the period. Around 25-35 kt
    of southwesterly mid-level flow will be present over these regions
    as filtered daytime heating of a rather moist low-level airmass
    occurs today. Even though lapse rates aloft are forecast to remain
    poor, sufficient instability and deep-layer shear should exist to
    support an isolated threat for mainly damaging winds this afternoon
    and early evening as low-level lapse rates steepen. A Marginal Risk
    has been included with this update across parts of the lower MS Valley/Southeast into the OH Valley, where confidence in loosely
    organized clusters occurring is greatest.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 06/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 13, 2025 16:28:30
    ACUS01 KWNS 131628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131626

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CDT Fri Jun 13 2025

    Valid 131630Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS
    AFTERNOON/EVENING FOR PARTS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected this afternoon and
    evening across parts of Montana, extending southward across portions
    of the central/southern High Plains. The greatest concentration of
    severe thunderstorms should occur across central/southern Montana,
    where large to very large hail, severe winds, and a couple tornadoes
    will be possible.

    ...Central/southern MT this afternoon/evening...
    Embedded speed maxima will progress east-northeastward over the
    northern Rockies, with associated bands of ascent denoted by weak
    convection now over ID. Surface heating along and southwest of a
    baroclinic zone oriented from north central into southeast MT, and
    arrival of the bands of ascent from ID will contribute to
    thunderstorm development by early afternoon over the higher terrain
    of southwest MT. Storms will then spread eastward through the afternoon/evening, in an environment supportive of supercells on the
    northeast edge of the steeper midlevel lapse rates, in a corridor
    with long hodographs/effective bulk shear in excess of 50 kt. The
    strong deep-layer shear and moderate buoyancy (MLCAPE near 1500
    J/kg) will favor large hail production, some greater than 2 inch
    diameter with the supercells, as well as damaging outflow gusts that
    could reach or exceed 75 mph. A couple of tornadoes will also be
    possible, though relatively deep mixing and relatively straight
    hodographs cast some doubt on the tornado threat.

    ...High Plains this afternoon into early tonight...
    Despite being near the crest of the midlevel ridge, sufficiently
    moist, low-level upslope flow and steep midlevel lapse rates will
    support thunderstorm development near and east of the lee trough
    from eastern WY to eastern CO/western KS and the northern TX
    Panhandle later this afternoon/evening. Deep mixing, steep lapse
    rates, and relatively weak vertical shear all support initial storms
    growing upscale into clusters through outflow interactions, and the
    clusters will spread southeastward into tonight. Isolated large
    hail will be possible with the stronger embedded storms, while
    severe outflow gusts will become the main concern with storm
    clusters this evening into early tonight.

    ...MS/AL to KY this afternoon...
    East of a weak midlevel trough from east TX to MO, modest
    enhancement of midlevel flow (to roughly 30-35 kt) and daytime
    heating of a moist air mass will contribute to scattered
    thunderstorm development through the afternoon from southeast LA/MS
    across northwest AL, TN and KY. MLCAPE of 1500-2500 J/kg and the aforementioned enhancement to midlevel flow will support storm
    clusters/line segments with some potential for isolated wind damage
    this afternoon.

    ...Mid-Atlantic this afternoon...
    Strong surface heating is underway to the south of a slow-moving
    front from DE into northern MD, which will steepen low-level lapse
    rates and boost MLCAPE to 1000-1500 J/kg this afternoon. Scattered thunderstorm development is possible along the front and the Blue
    Ridge, and storms will spread eastward through late
    afternoon/evening. The moderate buoyancy, steep low-level lapse
    rates and modest deep-layer vertical shear (effective bulk shear of
    25-30 kt) will support some storm/cluster organization and the
    potential for isolated wind damage.

    ..Thompson/Barnes.. 06/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 13, 2025 19:59:22
    ACUS01 KWNS 131959
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131957

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 PM CDT Fri Jun 13 2025

    Valid 132000Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected this afternoon and
    evening across parts of Montana, extending southward across portions
    of the central/southern High Plains. The greatest concentration of
    severe thunderstorms should occur across central/southern Montana,
    where large to very large hail, severe winds, and a couple tornadoes
    will be possible.

    ...20z Update...
    The forecast largely remains on track with only minor adjustments
    required for this update.

    ...Lower MS River Valley...
    Wind probabilities have been trimmed behind a broken line of
    convection spreading eastward into far eastern MS. Behind this line,
    an expansive cold pool/convective overturning has sufficiently
    reduced buoyancy to limit the potential for additional severe
    convection. Ahead of the cold pool to the northeast, the convective
    environment remains supportive of at least an isolated wind threat
    (see MCD #1272 for additional details).

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Wind probabilities have been expanded westward closer to the higher
    terrain across NM. Early attempts at sustained convection are
    ongoing from south-central CO into southern NM per latest visible
    imagery. Although moisture quality immediately off the terrain
    remains very limited (dewpoints in the upper 40s/low 50s), deep
    boundary-layer mixing denoted by 40-50 F dewpoint depressions may
    promote downdraft accelerations with an attendant severe wind risk.
    The past several HRRR/RRFS solutions have consistently shown a
    signal for at least sporadic severe gusts with this early
    convection. Severe gusts should become more probable with eastward
    extent later this evening as convection migrates into the deeper
    moisture along the NM/TX border.

    ...Central Oklahoma to western Arkansas...
    Early-morning convection has largely eroded across OK and far
    western AR; however, surface observations and visible imagery reveal
    a residual outflow boundary/differential heating zone draped from
    north-central OK to western AR. Some building cumulus is noted as
    temperatures warm into the upper 80s within a very moist air mass.
    The KSRX and KINX VWPs continue to sample 30-35 knot mid-level flow,
    which may be sufficient for organized cells if convection can
    develop along this boundary later this afternoon/evening.
    Additionally, increasing isentropic ascent between 925-850 mb late
    tonight may support additional thunderstorms across OK.

    ..Moore.. 06/13/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1126 AM CDT Fri Jun 13 2025/

    ...Central/southern MT this afternoon/evening...
    Embedded speed maxima will progress east-northeastward over the
    northern Rockies, with associated bands of ascent denoted by weak
    convection now over ID. Surface heating along and southwest of a
    baroclinic zone oriented from north central into southeast MT, and
    arrival of the bands of ascent from ID will contribute to
    thunderstorm development by early afternoon over the higher terrain
    of southwest MT. Storms will then spread eastward through the afternoon/evening, in an environment supportive of supercells on the
    northeast edge of the steeper midlevel lapse rates, in a corridor
    with long hodographs/effective bulk shear in excess of 50 kt. The
    strong deep-layer shear and moderate buoyancy (MLCAPE near 1500
    J/kg) will favor large hail production, some greater than 2 inch
    diameter with the supercells, as well as damaging outflow gusts that
    could reach or exceed 75 mph. A couple of tornadoes will also be
    possible, though relatively deep mixing and relatively straight
    hodographs cast some doubt on the tornado threat.

    ...High Plains this afternoon into early tonight...
    Despite being near the crest of the midlevel ridge, sufficiently
    moist, low-level upslope flow and steep midlevel lapse rates will
    support thunderstorm development near and east of the lee trough
    from eastern WY to eastern CO/western KS and the northern TX
    Panhandle later this afternoon/evening. Deep mixing, steep lapse
    rates, and relatively weak vertical shear all support initial storms
    growing upscale into clusters through outflow interactions, and the
    clusters will spread southeastward into tonight. Isolated large
    hail will be possible with the stronger embedded storms, while
    severe outflow gusts will become the main concern with storm
    clusters this evening into early tonight.

    ...MS/AL to KY this afternoon...
    East of a weak midlevel trough from east TX to MO, modest
    enhancement of midlevel flow (to roughly 30-35 kt) and daytime
    heating of a moist air mass will contribute to scattered
    thunderstorm development through the afternoon from southeast LA/MS
    across northwest AL, TN and KY. MLCAPE of 1500-2500 J/kg and the aforementioned enhancement to midlevel flow will support storm
    clusters/line segments with some potential for isolated wind damage
    this afternoon.

    ...Mid-Atlantic this afternoon...
    Strong surface heating is underway to the south of a slow-moving
    front from DE into northern MD, which will steepen low-level lapse
    rates and boost MLCAPE to 1000-1500 J/kg this afternoon. Scattered thunderstorm development is possible along the front and the Blue
    Ridge, and storms will spread eastward through late
    afternoon/evening. The moderate buoyancy, steep low-level lapse
    rates and modest deep-layer vertical shear (effective bulk shear of
    25-30 kt) will support some storm/cluster organization and the
    potential for isolated wind damage.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 14, 2025 00:47:51
    ACUS01 KWNS 140047
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 140046

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0746 PM CDT Fri Jun 13 2025

    Valid 140100Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF THE
    HIGH PLAINS FROM SOUTHEAST MONTANA TO NORTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected this evening across much
    of the High Plains from southeast Montana into northwest Texas. Hail
    and wind remain the primary concern.

    ...01z Update...

    Mid-level speed max is currently translating across the northern
    Rockies and this feature should suppress the height field across western/northern MT as the evening progresses. Scattered
    strong-severe thunderstorms have developed ahead of the short wave
    and this activity will propagate across southeastern MT over the
    next several hours. Farther south across eastern WY/CO, high-level
    diffluent flow is contributing to scattered robust convection where
    moist southeasterly low-level flow has persisted, and is currently
    contributing to a corridor of moderate-strong instability. Some
    increase in the LLJ across the central High Plains may enhance the
    longevity of this convection, though deep-layer flow is somewhat
    lacking. More isolated strong/severe convection is also noted along
    the NM/TX border. These storms will propagate southeast with an
    attendant risk for some hail/wind.

    ..Darrow.. 06/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 14, 2025 05:39:08
    ACUS01 KWNS 140537
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 140536

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1236 AM CDT Sat Jun 14 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN AND CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large hail and damaging wind
    gusts will be possible across parts of the central and northern High
    Plains this afternoon and evening.

    ...High Plains...

    Large-scale pattern is not forecast to change appreciably through
    the upcoming day1 period as broad ridging will hold across the
    southern Rockies while stronger westerlies persist near the
    international border. This flow regime will ensure diffluent, albeit
    weak, high-level flow across the central/southern Plains. A synoptic
    front should remain draped across the northern Plains and this will
    ensure easterly low-level flow across much of eastern MT.

    While weak height rises are expected across the northern Rockies,
    30-40kt 500mb southwesterly flow will extend across ID into southern
    MT. As a result, wind profiles will remain favorably strong and
    supportive of organized, rotating updrafts. Strongest boundary-layer
    heating is forecast across northwestern MT/northern ID, and across
    the central High Plains. However, adequate heating and topographic
    influences favor thunderstorm initiation along the western edge of
    the moist boundary layer, most likely by late afternoon, across
    central MT into eastern WY. This activity will propagate
    east-southeast across the High Plains through the evening hours.
    Large hail and damaging winds are the main threats.

    Given the high-level diffluent flow aloft, and weaker steering
    currents at lower latitudes, latest HREF guidance exhibits
    substantial uncertainty in how/where potential convective clusters
    could evolve. Ample buoyancy will exist for potentially severe
    thunderstorms, but forecasting left over convective debris, and MCV
    eddies, will likely prove too difficult to identify at this time to
    warrant more than low severe probabilities south of I-70.

    ..Darrow/Supinie.. 06/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 14, 2025 12:53:11
    ACUS01 KWNS 141251
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141250

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0750 AM CDT Sat Jun 14 2025

    Valid 141300Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN/CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and
    damaging wind gusts will be possible across parts of the northern
    and central High Plains this afternoon and evening. Isolated strong
    to severe thunderstorms may also occur today across parts of the
    southern Plains into the Ozarks, and over portions of the southern Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Northern/Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Compared to yesterday, mid-level heights are generally forecast to
    remain neutral or even rise slightly today as upper ridging
    gradually builds over the southern/central Rockies. Even so,
    modestly enhanced southwesterly mid-level flow will persist over the
    northern Rockies and adjacent High Plains. A seasonably moist
    low-level airmass will remain over the northern/central High Plains
    today, with steep mid-level lapse rates also present. Daytime
    heating of this airmass should foster moderate to locally strong
    MLCAPE by mid to late afternoon. High-based thunderstorms should
    once again develop over the higher terrain of the northern/central
    Rockies by late afternoon, before spreading eastward over the High
    Plains this evening. Even though low-level winds are forecast to
    remain generally modest, veering and gradual strengthening of the
    flow with height through mid/upper levels should support around
    35-50 kt of deep-layer shear (stronger across the northern High
    Plains). Supercells that become established will have mainly a large
    to very large (2+ inch diameter) hail threat, with any eventual
    clusters posing more of a severe wind risk with eastward extent
    through the evening.

    A separate area of strong to isolated severe thunderstorms is also
    apparent across parts of the Upper Midwest (IA vicinity) along/near
    a surface boundary. While deep-layer shear will likely remain weak,
    moderate instability may still support occasional hail and gusty
    downdraft winds with any of the more robust cores that can develop
    this afternoon and early evening.

    ...Southern Plains into the Ozarks...
    Ongoing convective clusters and cells this morning across southern
    KS and northern OK are being aided by weak southwesterly low-level
    warm/moist advection. With generally weak deep-layer shear present,
    the overall severe threat has remained generally isolated (reference
    Mesoscale Discussion 1283 for additional details on the short-term
    severe risk across south-central KS/northern OK). Still, steep lapse
    rates aloft (per area 12Z soundings) are contributing to substantial
    MUCAPE, which may support an isolated threat for hail and severe
    wind gusts through the morning hours as these thunderstorms spread
    generally east-southeastward along an instability gradient/surface
    front. It remains unclear how far east the ongoing cluster in
    southern KS may persist, with some guidance suggesting it may
    restrengthen into parts of western/central AR this afternoon. Have
    therefore expanded the Marginal Risk for severe/damaging winds
    eastward across this area.

    Considerable uncertainty remains regarding the potential for
    additional convection to develop along/near the trailing outflow
    from this morning activity across northern/central OK into
    south-central KS and vicinity. It appears likely that moderate to
    strong instability will be in place by late afternoon as diurnal
    heating of a very moist low-level airmass occurs along and south of
    the outflow boundary. But, large-scale ascent and deep-layer shear
    will remain weak for much of the day, with modest low-level warm
    advection forecast to gradually strengthen through the evening
    hours. Any thunderstorms which can develop in this rather favorable thermodynamic environment could pose an isolated threat for severe
    hail and damaging winds. But, confidence in a more focused corridor
    of severe potential remains too low to include greater severe
    hail/wind probabilities at this time. Isolated strong to severe
    thunderstorms may also develop this afternoon/evening across parts
    of the southern High Plains along/east of a surface lee
    trough/dryline, although forcing aloft will remain nebulous beneath
    upper ridging.

    ...Southern Mid-Atlantic...
    A weak mid/upper-level trough will move eastward across the
    Southeast and OH Valley today, eventually reaching the southern
    Mid-Atlantic by late tonight. A stalled surface boundary is located
    across parts of northern VA into MD and the Delmarva Peninsula this
    morning. This boundary is expected to move little through the day,
    and will likely serve as a focus for convection later this
    afternoon.

    Current expectations are for thunderstorms to initially develop
    around 20-22Z over the higher terrain of the Blue Ridge, and
    subsequently spread east-southeastward across the I-95 corridor in
    VA/DC/MD through the early evening. Various NAM/RAP forecast
    soundings suggest that even with poor lapse rates aloft, sufficient
    instability and modest deep-layer shear should be present
    along/south of the surface boundary to support some updraft
    organization. Occasional severe/damaging winds up to 60 mph and
    perhaps some marginally severe hail will be possible with the
    stronger cores through the evening, until they eventually weaken
    with the loss of daytime heating.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 06/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 14, 2025 16:27:09
    ACUS01 KWNS 141626
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141625

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1125 AM CDT Sat Jun 14 2025

    Valid 141630Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    INTO TONIGHT FOR MONTANA INTO THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND FROM
    SOUTHERN KANSAS AND CENTRAL OKLAHOMA INTO WESTERN ARKANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and
    damaging wind gusts will be possible across parts of the northern
    and central High Plains this afternoon and evening. Large hail and
    damaging winds will also be possible this afternoon from eastern
    Oklahoma into western Arkansas, and late tonight from southern
    Kansas into central/northeast Oklahoma.

    ...KS/OK/AR this afternoon through tonight...
    Convection is ongoing this morning in several clusters from
    southeast KS into central and eastern OK. The KS cluster had the
    better defined cold pool and MCV this morning, but has weakened
    while moving into the areas of rain-cooled air in the immediate wake
    of the OK convection. The environment downstream into AR could
    support some continuation of the eastern OK storms that have
    intensified recently, with an attendant threat for occasional wind
    damage and isolated large hail with multicell clusters.

    The convectively-enhanced midlevel trough will remain over eastern
    KS into tonight, when a southwesterly low-level jet is expected to
    develop as the low levels recover in the wake of this morning's
    storms. Related increases in low-level warm advection will support
    new thunderstorm development tonight in roughly the same areas being
    impacted by the weakening storms this morning, and an MCS could
    evolve in this warm advection zone overnight. An environment with
    steep midlevel lapse rates, large CAPE, and some enhancement to
    low-midlevel vertical shear will favor the potential for large hail,
    severe outflow gusts and a low chance for a couple of tornadoes.

    ...MT/central High Plains late this afternoon into late evening...
    Subtle height rises are expected over the High Plains and MT, with
    the stronger mid-upper flow confined mostly to MT. Forcing for
    ascent will likewise be relatively weak, with some upslope flow
    component along and east of a lee trough. At least widely scattered thunderstorm development is expected east/northeast of the higher
    terrain from eastern WY into northeast CO, and potentially along the
    baroclinic zone across central MT. A few supercells will be
    possible with large hail from MT into eastern WY, though storms with
    southward extent will have more of a threat for severe outflow gusts
    based on a tendency to grow upscale on merging outflow in an
    environment with steep lapse rates and deep-layer vertical shear
    that will be close to the lower margins for sustained supercells.
    There will be some potential for a cluster or two to persist
    overnight while spreading eastward over the High Plains.

    ...Mid-Atlantic to the southern Appalachians this afternoon...
    Along and south of a stalled front from southern DE into northern
    MD/VA, surface heating is ongoing in cloud breaks. As surface
    temperatures warm into the 80s with 72-74 F dewpoints, MLCAPE will
    increase to near 2000 J/kg this afternoon. Modest enhancement to
    vertical shear (effective bulk shear of 25-30 kt) with subtle
    perturbations crossing the Appalachians could allow for some
    clustering of storms with the potential for isolated wind damage.

    Scattered thunderstorms are expected farther southwest into the
    southern Appalachians and vicinity, immediately east of the slowly
    weakening midlevel trough over KY/TN. Moderate buoyancy, DCAPE
    approaching 1000 J/kg and roughly 30 kt midlevel flow could be
    sufficient for isolated downbursts with associated wind damage.

    ..Thompson/Halbert.. 06/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 14, 2025 19:56:44
    ACUS01 KWNS 141955
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141954

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 PM CDT Sat Jun 14 2025

    Valid 142000Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR MONTANA INTO
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND FROM SOUTHERN KANSAS INTO CENTRAL
    OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and
    damaging wind gusts will be possible across parts of the northern
    and central High Plains this afternoon and evening. Large hail and
    damaging winds will also be possible this afternoon from eastern
    Oklahoma into western Arkansas, and late tonight from southern
    Kansas into central/northeast Oklahoma.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast largely remains on track with only minor
    adjustments made to account for recent convective trends.

    ...Western Arkansas...
    A loosely organized MCS continues to move across western AR, and
    while GOES IR imagery continues to show deep/robust updraft
    development, MRMS echo top imagery over the past couple of hours
    reveals that these updrafts have been fairly transient, likely owing
    to weak deep-layer wind shear. The MCS will likely continue to move east/southeast towards southwestern AR through peak heating and may
    be capable of damaging winds, but given the recent trends, 15%
    wind/Slight risk probabilities have been removed from western AR.

    ...Oklahoma...
    An outflow boundary is noted in visible imagery and surface
    observations from south-central OK to western OK. This boundary is
    sufficiently displaced from the upper cirrus associated with the MCS
    to the east to yield surface temperatures in the 80s on the cool
    side of the boundary. Consequently, a corridor of southeasterly
    low-level flow and MLCAPE upwards of 2500-3000 J/kg is in place
    across southwest/western OK and could be a preferential corridor for
    a supercell or two later this evening. Latest CAM guidance has
    hinted at this possibility, but solutions continue to vary.
    Additional convection along and north of this boundary remains
    likely later tonight as the nocturnal jet strengthens and isentropic
    ascent increases. Continued re-development of elevated convection
    across north-central OK casts some uncertainty on where initiation
    later tonight is most likely, and may result in more focused
    convection along and west of the I-35 corridor. Here again, CAM
    solutions have not captured recent convective trends well and show
    some variance in the exact evolution. Regardless, 15% hail/wind
    probabilities have been shifted westward to account for these
    trends.

    ...Central to Northern High Plains...
    The early stages of convective initiation are underway across
    central to eastern WY with further development and intensification
    expected through the evening. See MCD #1286 for additional details.

    ..Moore.. 06/14/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1125 AM CDT Sat Jun 14 2025/

    ...KS/OK/AR this afternoon through tonight...
    Convection is ongoing this morning in several clusters from
    southeast KS into central and eastern OK. The KS cluster had the
    better defined cold pool and MCV this morning, but has weakened
    while moving into the areas of rain-cooled air in the immediate wake
    of the OK convection. The environment downstream into AR could
    support some continuation of the eastern OK storms that have
    intensified recently, with an attendant threat for occasional wind
    damage and isolated large hail with multicell clusters.

    The convectively-enhanced midlevel trough will remain over eastern
    KS into tonight, when a southwesterly low-level jet is expected to
    develop as the low levels recover in the wake of this morning's
    storms. Related increases in low-level warm advection will support
    new thunderstorm development tonight in roughly the same areas being
    impacted by the weakening storms this morning, and an MCS could
    evolve in this warm advection zone overnight. An environment with
    steep midlevel lapse rates, large CAPE, and some enhancement to
    low-midlevel vertical shear will favor the potential for large hail,
    severe outflow gusts and a low chance for a couple of tornadoes.

    ...MT/central High Plains late this afternoon into late evening...
    Subtle height rises are expected over the High Plains and MT, with
    the stronger mid-upper flow confined mostly to MT. Forcing for
    ascent will likewise be relatively weak, with some upslope flow
    component along and east of a lee trough. At least widely scattered thunderstorm development is expected east/northeast of the higher
    terrain from eastern WY into northeast CO, and potentially along the
    baroclinic zone across central MT. A few supercells will be
    possible with large hail from MT into eastern WY, though storms with
    southward extent will have more of a threat for severe outflow gusts
    based on a tendency to grow upscale on merging outflow in an
    environment with steep lapse rates and deep-layer vertical shear
    that will be close to the lower margins for sustained supercells.
    There will be some potential for a cluster or two to persist
    overnight while spreading eastward over the High Plains.

    ...Mid-Atlantic to the southern Appalachians this afternoon...
    Along and south of a stalled front from southern DE into northern
    MD/VA, surface heating is ongoing in cloud breaks. As surface
    temperatures warm into the 80s with 72-74 F dewpoints, MLCAPE will
    increase to near 2000 J/kg this afternoon. Modest enhancement to
    vertical shear (effective bulk shear of 25-30 kt) with subtle
    perturbations crossing the Appalachians could allow for some
    clustering of storms with the potential for isolated wind damage.

    Scattered thunderstorms are expected farther southwest into the
    southern Appalachians and vicinity, immediately east of the slowly
    weakening midlevel trough over KY/TN. Moderate buoyancy, DCAPE
    approaching 1000 J/kg and roughly 30 kt midlevel flow could be
    sufficient for isolated downbursts with associated wind damage.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 15, 2025 00:53:28
    ACUS01 KWNS 150053
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 150051

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0751 PM CDT Sat Jun 14 2025

    Valid 150100Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM MONTANA TO
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND SOUTH-CENTRAL KANSAS INTO CENTRAL
    OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and
    damaging wind gusts will be possible across parts of the northern
    and central High Plains this evening. Large hail and damaging winds
    will also be possible from south-central Kansas into portions of
    Oklahoma.

    ...Southeast...

    Severe probabilities have been removed from Alabama to the southern Mid-Atlantic. While thunderstorm activity may persist for several
    more hours this evening/tonight, overall severe potential is
    expected to remain low as the boundary-layer stabilizes with the
    loss of daytime heating. For more information, reference MCD 1292.

    ...Southern Plains...

    The Slight risk (level 2 of 5) has been expanded westward into parts
    of western OK this evening to account for developing convection
    within Severe Thunderstorm Watch 415. Additional storms are expected
    to develop through the evening and into the overnight hours as a
    low-level jet increases. Isolated large hail and scattered damaging
    wind gusts will be possible with this activity.

    Some consideration was given to expanding the Slight risk further
    west into portions of the OK/TX Panhandle and perhaps far southwest
    KS as well. Most CAMs suggest convection will either spread
    southeast from a cluster in CO, or develop along the western edges
    of the outflow as the low-level jet increases across the TX
    Panhandle tonight. However, confidence in this scenario is low, and
    given the time of day (after 06z) and strong boundary-layer
    inhibition, will maintain the Marginal risk (level 1 of 2) further
    west. However, if convection does develop across far southwest KS
    into the Panhandles, locally strong/severe wind gusts will be
    possible.

    ...MT into the Central High Plains...

    No changes have been made. Damaging wind and large hail potential
    will persist for several hours tonight. Reference Severe
    Thunderstorm Watches 414 and 416.

    ..Leitman.. 06/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 15, 2025 05:29:03
    ACUS01 KWNS 150528
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 150527

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 AM CDT Sun Jun 15 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    SOUTHEAST MONTANA AND FAR NORTHEAST WYOMING INTO PARTS OF THE
    WESTERN DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail and
    swaths of damaging gusts are possible across portions of Montana
    into northeast Wyoming, and parts of the western Dakotas this
    afternoon and evening. Additional strong to severe storms may occur
    across the central/southern High Plains, and over parts of Virginia
    and North Carolina.

    ...MT/WY into the Dakotas...

    An upper ridge will be oriented over the Rockies/adjacent High
    Plains vicinity today. However, a shortwave impulse is forecast to
    eject through the top of the ridge during the late
    afternoon/evening, providing some large-scale ascent and increasing
    mid/upper westerly flow. In the low-levels, a surface
    boundary/residual outflow from prior convection is forecast to be
    oriented across south-central/southeast MT eastward along the ND/SD
    border vicinity. East to southeasterly low-level flow will transport
    mid 50s to low 60s F dewpoints along this boundary and to the east
    of a lee surface trough extending southward across eastern WY/CO.
    Strong surface heating and steep midlevel lapse rates will support
    moderate to strong destabilization (2000-3500 J/kg MLCAPE).

    One or more clusters of storms is forecast to develop over higher
    terrain of central MT, southeastward into northeast WY. Supercell
    wind profiles, with elongated/straight hodographs above 2-3 km
    suggest initial cells over central into southeast MT will pose a
    risk for large to very large hail (2+ inch diameter) in addition to
    strong wind gusts. With time, clustering is expected and upscale
    growth into an east/southeast progressing MCS/bow tracking along an
    instability gradient/west-east surface boundary is forecast.
    Damaging wind gusts, some potentially up to 80 mph, will be possible
    once upscale development occurs. The east/southeast extent of
    greater severe wind potential is a bit uncertain, however,
    decreasing instability and increasing inhibition with eastward
    extent should limit eastward progression into the eastern Dakotas
    overnight.

    ...Central High Plains vicinity...

    Isolated to scattered high-based thunderstorms are likely to develop
    along the surface trough/dryline within a moist upslope flow regime
    across portions of southeast WY into parts of eastern CO and perhaps
    persist into western NE/KS. This activity will pose a risk of strong
    outflow winds given a deeply mixed boundary layer and very steep
    low-level lapse rates. Isolated hail is also possible where any
    updrafts can be maintained within the modestly sheared environment.

    ...Eastern NM into TX/OK/AR...

    Convection will be ongoing across OK and western AR at the beginning
    of the forecast period this morning. Gusty winds may accompany this
    activity. Additional convection may develop or re-intensify as
    outflow develops southward across portions of northwest/north TX as
    stronger heating occurs by midday. Some potential exists that the
    Marginal risk (level 1 of 5) may need to be expanded southward
    across TX if a stronger forward propagating MCS can be maintained.
    However, vertical shear is forecast to be weak and confidence in
    robust, organized convection with southward extent is low.
    Additional storms may develop across AR during the afternoon in the
    vicinity of a potential eastward developing MCV. Isolated strong
    gusts and may accompany this activity as well.

    Additional isolated thunderstorms producing gusty winds and perhaps
    hail may develop along the surface trough across eastern NM during
    the late afternoon as well.

    ...VA/NC...

    A mid/upper shortwave impulse will track east across the
    central/southern Appalachians today. Meanwhile, a lee low is
    forecast to track eastward near the NC/VA border through the
    afternoon. A seasonally moist and unstable airmass will be in place
    across the Piedmont into the coastal plain. Poor midlevel lapse
    rates and weak vertical shear should limit overall severe potential,
    but isolated wet microbursts or possibly marginal hail with stronger
    updrafts pulses will be possible.

    ..Leitman/Supinie.. 06/15/2025

    $$

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